{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:03:38Z","timestamp":1760148218528,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The context of Display Google ads and its components has significant importance to previous studies. However, the full understanding of the variables that influence both Display Google ads avoidance and intention to click has not been thoroughly acknowledged. Thus, this study aims to outline an entire understanding of the different variables that lead Display Google ads to be avoided or clicked on. A detailed review of previous studies has been completed to illustrate a thorough image of Display Google ads. Accordingly, this study developed a theoretical model combining four variables (Display Google ads\u2019 Prior Experience, Originality, Relevance, and Credibility) that lead to affecting Display Google ads\u2019 Avoidance and Intention to Click, with one mediator (Consumer\u2019s Attitude). A quantitative methodology has been employed, in which an online survey has been used to collect data, which were collected from 358 respondents, then coded against AMOS. The data analysis results show that three independent variables positively impact the intention to click; however, credibility has the highest value, then relevance and originality, consequently., while Display Google ads prior experience had no impact on the intention to click. Finally, the research concluded different practical and theoretical implications, and future potential research, and limitations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15040145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T03:15:57Z","timestamp":1681096557000},"page":"145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Consumer\u2019s Attitude towards Display Google Ads"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Al Khasawneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Talal School of Business Technology, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman 11941, Jordan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9074-5564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdel-Aziz Ahmad","family":"Sharabati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business Faculty, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8498-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shafig","family":"Al-Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Talal School of Business Technology, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman 11941, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Al-Daher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Talal School of Business Technology, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman 11941, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hammouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Talal School of Business Technology, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman 11941, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Sima","family":"Shaqman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Talal School of Business Technology, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman 11941, Jordan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hirvij\u00e4rvi, A.F. (2017). Viral Marketing and Content Forwarding on Social Media Outlining the Key Elements behind Successful Viral Content Creation. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Arcada Business School, University of Applied Sciences]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tejedor, S., Cervi, L., P\u00e9rez-Escoda, A., and Tusa, F. (2020, January 21\u201323). Smartphone Usage among Students during COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain, Italy and Ecuador. Proceedings of the Eight International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, Salamanca, Spain.","DOI":"10.1145\/3434780.3436587"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Drenoyianni, H., and Stergioulas, L.K. (2011). Pursuing Digital Literacy in Compulsory Education: Reconstructing the School to Provide Digital Literacy for All, International Academic Publishers."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2008.07.003","article-title":"Online and Offline Social Networks: Use of Social Networking Sites by Emerging Adults","volume":"29","author":"Subrahmanyam","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-020-00733-3","article-title":"Social Media Marketing Strategy: Definition, Conceptualization, Taxonomy, Validation, and Future Agenda","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Acad. Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/0972262912469560","article-title":"Advertising on Social Network Sites (SNS\u2019s): A Structural Equation Modeling Approach","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vis. J. Bus. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2017.12.050","article-title":"Does Brand-Consumer Social Sharing Matter? A Relational Framework of Customer Engagement to Brand-Hosted Social Media","volume":"85","author":"Simon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2015.01.006","article-title":"Social Media and Human Need Satisfaction: Implications for Social Media Marketing","volume":"58","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijresmar.2019.02.001","article-title":"Do Mobile Banner Ads Increase Sales? Yes, in the Offline Channel","volume":"36","author":"Osinga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Mark."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1108\/JICES-06-2017-0035","article-title":"Making Sense of the Changing Face of Google\u2019s Search Engine Results Page: An Advertiser\u2019s Perspective","volume":"16","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Inf. Commun. Ethics Soc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125387","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2937339","article-title":"MOPSO-Based CNN for Keyword Selection on Google Ads","volume":"7","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.14738\/abr.810.9252","article-title":"A Study of Perception and Engagement as a Response of Consumers Towards Ads on Facebook and Google Search Engine","volume":"8","author":"Usman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"115","article-title":"Impact of Advertising through Online Media Channels of Facebook, Google Ads & Youtube on Consumers\u2019 Attitude; a Study of Consumers in Selected Profitmaking Banks in Nairobi County, Kenya","volume":"VIII","author":"Nancy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Econ. Commer. Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.35940\/ijmh.B1402.116321","article-title":"Use and Effect of Google Ads Effect of Google Ads for Marketing Success","volume":"0913","author":"Wenning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Manag. Humanit."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.36418\/syntax-idea.v3i3.1060","article-title":"Analisis Keputusan Membeli Berbasis Brand Awareness Sebagai Impak Google Ads Dan Facebook Ads (Kajian Pelanggan Lazada)","volume":"3","author":"Sijabat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syntax. Idea"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Swensson, B.B. (2022). Attitudes towards Digital Traces Exploited by Meta and Google to Generate Targeted Ads. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology]."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer16050066","article-title":"Influence of Regulatory Fit Theory on Persuasion from Google Ads: An Eye Tracking Study","volume":"16","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Junttila, A. (2022). Google Ads Search Engine Marketing. Starter\u2019s Guide for Companies. [Bachelor Thesis, Savonia University of Applied Sciences]."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11109-013-9239-z","article-title":"Do Online Advertisements Increase Political Candidates\u2019 Name Recognition or Favorability? Evidence from Randomized Field Experiments","volume":"36","author":"Broockman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Polit. Behav."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1312864","article-title":"Modeling Cross-Category Purchases in Sponsored Search Advertising","volume":"2011","author":"Ghose","year":"2011","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1108\/MIP-05-2013-0083","article-title":"Exploring the Factors Affecting Sponsored Search Ad Performance","volume":"32","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mark. Intell. Plan."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Al-Khasawneh, M.H. (2009). An Exploration of Consumer Response Towards Sponsored Search Advertizing (SSA) from a Consumer Behaviour Perspective. [Ph.D. Thesis, Griffith University]."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2753\/JEC1086-4415160103","article-title":"The Brand Effect of Key Phrases and Advertisements in Sponsored Search","volume":"16","author":"Jansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Electron. Commer."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.07.027","article-title":"Predicting User Response to Sponsored Advertising on Social Media via the Technology Acceptance Model","volume":"64","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Human Behav."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1108\/SBM-05-2011-0043","article-title":"Evaluating Consumer Response Associated with Sponsorship of Major Sporting Events in Australia","volume":"4","author":"Lobo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sport. Bus. Manag. Int. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.2501\/JAR-51-4-643-647","article-title":"Incremental Clicks: The Impact of Search Advertising","volume":"51","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Advert. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Dembczynski, K., Kotlowski, W., and Weiss, D. (2008, January 21\u201325). Predicting Ads\u2019 Click-Through Rate with Decision Rules. Proceedings of the Workshop on Targeting and Ranking in Online Advertising WWW\u201908, Beijing, China."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1108\/02651339710184316","article-title":"De Consumer Attitudes towards A Social Contract Perspective","volume":"14","author":"Gordon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Mark. Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.22.4.520.24906","article-title":"Modeling the Clickstream: Implications for Web-Based Advertising Efforts","volume":"22","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-06-2017-0221","article-title":"Why Do Internet Consumers Block Ads? New Evidence from Consumer Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis","volume":"29","author":"Tudoran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hillard, D., Schroedl, S., Manavoglu, E., Raghavan, H., and Leggetter, C. (2010, January 4\u20136). Improving Ad Relevance in Sponsored Search. Proceedings of the Third ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1718487.1718532"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.08.049","article-title":"Fuzzy Multi-Objective Modeling of Effectiveness and User Experience in Online Advertising","volume":"65","author":"Jankowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S2212-5671(14)00573-5","article-title":"Advertising Creativity\u2014The Right Balance between Surprise, Medium, and Message Relevance","volume":"15","author":"Maniu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Econ. Financ."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"106","article-title":"CREATIVITY Creativity in Advertising: When It Works and When It Doesn\u2019t","volume":"91","author":"Reinartz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rej\u00f3n-Guardia, F., and Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez, F.J. (2014). Handbook of Strategic e-Business Management, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39747-9"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2501\/JAR-55-1-037-050","article-title":"Consumer Reactions to Intrusiveness of Online-Video Advertisements Do Length, Informativeness, and Humor Help (or Hinder) Marketing Outcomes?","volume":"55","author":"Goodrich","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Advert. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, N., Ispir, M., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Chen, Z., Cheng, D.Z., Nie, L., and Barman, K. (2022, January 14\u201318). An Online Multi-Task Learning Framework for Google Feed Ads Auction Models. Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, District of Columbia, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3534678.3539055"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"41","article-title":"A Development and Empirical Validation of the Consumer Response Towards Sponsored Search Advertising (SSA) Model","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob. J. Manag. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1080\/14783363.2017.1308819","article-title":"Te How a Branded Website Creates Customer Purchase Intentions","volume":"30","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Total Qual. Manag. Bus. Excell."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Cal\u00e7ada, M.C. (2019). How Millennials Perceive Influencers and Its Impact on Purchase Intentions. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa]."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"127","article-title":"Moderating Role of Credibility and Ad Liking Between Online Advertisement and Consumer Buying Behavior of University Students of Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Khalid","year":"2019","journal-title":"ASEAN Mark. J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/15252019.2010.10722167","article-title":"Avoidance of Advertising in Social Networking Sites","volume":"10","author":"Kelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Interact. Advert."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watanabe, S., Hori, T., Karita, S., Hayashi, T., Nishitoba, J., Unno, Y., Soplin, N.E.Y., Heymann, J., Wiesner, M., and Chen, N. (2018, January 2\u20136). ESPNet: End-to-End Speech Processing Toolkit. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH, Hyderabad, India.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2018-1456"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.22610\/jebs.v11i1(J).2745","article-title":"Modelling the Drivers of Impulsive Buying Behaviour: A Case of South Africa","volume":"11","author":"Chinomona","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Econ. Behav. Stud."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5539\/ibr.v3n3p63","article-title":"The Effects of Shopping Orientations, Online Trust and Prior Online Purchase Experience toward Customers\u2019 Online Purchase Intention","volume":"3","author":"Ling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"63","article-title":"The Impact of Source Credibility on Saudi Consumer\u2019s Attitude toward Print Advertisement: The Moderating Role of Brand Familiarity","volume":"3","author":"Sallam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Mark. Stud."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shekhawat, N., Chauhan, A., and Muthiah, S.B. (2018, January 27\u201330). Algorithmic Privacy and Gender Bias Issues in Google Ad Settings. Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3292522.3326033"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rej\u00f3n-Guardia, F., and Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez, F.J. (2014). Handbook of Strategic e-Business Management, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39747-9"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1108\/IJLSS-01-2017-0003","article-title":"Lean Six Sigma Effect on Jordanian Pharmaceutical Industry\u2019s Performance","volume":"10","author":"Alkunsol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Lean Six Sigma"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12014","article-title":"Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Traditions: Epistemological, Theoretical, and Methodological Differences","volume":"48","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Educ."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"12","article-title":"Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS","volume":"53","author":"Goertzen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Libr. Technol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-011-0081-0","article-title":"The Viability of Crowdsourcing for Survey Research","volume":"43","author":"Behrend","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-03-2018-0089","article-title":"The Value of Online Surveys: A Look Back and a Look Ahead","volume":"28","author":"Evans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54395-6_53","article-title":"Question and Questionnaire Design","volume":"Volume 9","author":"Krosnick","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Palgrave Handbook of Survey Research"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"97","article-title":"Consumers\u2019 Perception of the Creativity of Advertisements: Development of a Valid Measurement Scale","volume":"23","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rech. Appl. Mark. (Engl. Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"947","article-title":"The Research of Influence Factors of Online Behavioral Advertising Avoidance","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-04-2012-0011","article-title":"Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Social Media Usage: An Empirical Study on Facebook","volume":"27","author":"Rauniar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Enterp. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.9734\/BJAST\/2015\/14975","article-title":"Likert Scale: Explored and Explained","volume":"7","author":"Joshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Appl. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Der Eijk, C., and Rose, J. (2015). Risky Business: Factor Analysis of Survey Data\u2014Assessing the Probability of Incorrect Dimensionalisation. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118900"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1108\/EBR-10-2013-0128","article-title":"Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): An Emerging Tool in Business Research","volume":"26","author":"Hair","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Sekaran, U., and Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods For Business: A Skill-Building Approach, John and Willey and Sons."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics, SAGE Publications. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Samuels, P. (2017). Advice on Exploratory Factor Analysis, Centre for Academic Success, Birmingham City University. Available online: https:\/\/www.open-acess.bcu.ac.uk\/6076\/1\/__staff_shares_stoage%20500mb_Lbrary_ID112668_Stats%20Advsory_New%20Statistics%20Workshops_18ExploratoryFactorAnalysis_ExploratoryFactorAnalysis4.pdf."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.2.265","article-title":"Relation of Sample Size to the Stability of Component Patterns","volume":"103","author":"Guadagnoli","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023089","article-title":"Recent Reliability Reporting Practices in Psychological Assessment: Recognizing the People Behind the Data","volume":"23","author":"Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Techniques Using SmartPLS","volume":"24","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mark. Bull."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2753\/MTP1069-6679190202","article-title":"PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet","volume":"19","author":"Hair","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mark. Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Couchman, P.K., and Fulop, L. (2006, January 6\u20138). Building Trust in Cross-Sector R & D Collaborations: Exploring the Role of Credible Commitments. Proceedings of the European Group for Organizational Studies (EGOS) 22nd Colloquium Trust within and across Boundaries, Bergen, Norway."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"285","article-title":"The Partial Least Squares (PLS) Approach to Causal Modeling: Personal Computer Adoption and Use an Illustration","volume":"2","author":"Barclay","year":"1995","journal-title":"Technol. Stud."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Neill, J. (2023, February 11). Writing up a Factor Analysis. Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia. Available online: https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.5\/au\/."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"111","article-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","volume":"34","author":"Kaiser","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. Psychol. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lean Operations and Competitive Advantage in the Pharmaceutical Industry","volume":"1","author":"Sharabati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Serv. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Tabachnick, B.G., Fidell, L.S., and Ullman, J.B. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics, Pearson. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Hair, J.F. (2011). International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science, Springer."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2012.02.035","article-title":"The Integrated Mobile Advertising Model: The Effects of Technology- and Emotion-Based Evaluations","volume":"66","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"145","article-title":"Predictors of Avoidance towards Personalization of Restaurant Smartphone Advertising: A Study from the Millennials\u2019 Perspective","volume":"6","author":"Nyheim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Tour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.19030\/jabr.v30i1.8279","article-title":"Online Video Advertisement Avoidance: Can Interactivity Help?","volume":"30","author":"Hussain","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Sasser, S.L., and Koslow, S. (2008). New Trends in Advertising Research, Edi\u00e7\u00f5es S\u00edlabo."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/1470593104044086","article-title":"Toward a General Theory of Creativity in Advertising: Examining the Role of Divergence","volume":"4","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mark. Theory"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1108\/07363760710720966","article-title":"The Effects of Multiple Ads and Multiple Brands on Consumer Attitude and Purchase Behavior","volume":"24","author":"Teng","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Consum. Mark."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1108\/IJBM-01-2017-0021","article-title":"Does Experiential Advertising Impact Credibility?","volume":"37","author":"Rajaobelina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Bank Mark."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/15\/4\/145\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:12:21Z","timestamp":1760123541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/15\/4\/145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["fi15040145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi15040145","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-5903"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]}}}