{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T01:50:08Z","timestamp":1776909008835,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing frequency and severity of forest fires necessitate early detection and rapid response to mitigate their impact. This project aims to design a cyber-physical system for early detection and rapid response to forest fires using advanced technologies. The system incorporates Internet of Things sensors and autonomous unmanned aerial and ground vehicles controlled by the robot operating system. An IoT-based wildfire detection node continuously monitors environmental conditions, enabling early fire detection. Upon fire detection, a UAV autonomously surveys the area to precisely locate the fire and can deploy an extinguishing payload or provide data for decision-making. The UAV communicates the fire\u2019s precise location to a collaborative UGV, which autonomously reaches the designated area to support ground-based firefighters. The CPS includes a ground control station with web-based dashboards for real-time monitoring of system parameters and telemetry data from UAVs and UGVs. The article demonstrates the real-time fire detection capabilities of the proposed system using simulated forest fire scenarios. The objective is to provide a practical approach using open-source technologies for early detection and extinguishing of forest fires, with potential applications in various industries, surveillance, and precision agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15070237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T02:28:46Z","timestamp":1688696926000},"page":"237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["A Cyber-Physical System for Wildfire Detection and Firefighting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7477-2439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Battistoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0270-5106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Antonio","family":"Cantone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2722-214X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5849-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Passamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8581-3160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Political Science and Psychosocial Studies, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi Internazionali di Roma\u2014UNINT, 00147 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3731-6415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Sebillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7130-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuliana","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-014-9207-0","article-title":"Information Sharing Among Disaster Responders - An Interactive Spreadsheet-Based Collaboration Approach","volume":"23","author":"Ginige","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. 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