{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T07:10:24Z","timestamp":1769843424419,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Information and communications technologies play a vital role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and bridging the gap between developed and developing countries. However, various socioeconomic factors adversely impact the deployment of digital infrastructure, such as 5G networks, in the countries of Oceania. The high-speed broadband fifth-generation cellular network (5G) will improve the quality of service for growing mobile users and the massive Internet of Things (IoT). It will also provide ultra-low-latency services required by smart city applications. This study investigates the planning process for a 5G radio access network incorporating sub-6 GHz macro-remote radio units (MRRUs) and mmWave micro-remote radio units (mRRUs). We carefully define an optimization problem for 5G network planning, considering the characteristics of urban macro-cells (UMa) and urban micro-cells (UMi) with appropriate channel models and link budgets. We determine the minimum number of MRRUs and mRRUs that can be installed in each area while meeting coverage and user traffic requirements. This will ensure adequate broadband low-latency network coverage with micro-cells instead of macro-cells. This study evaluates the technical feasibility analysis of combining terrestrial and airborne networks to provide 5G coverage in Oceania, with a special emphasis on Fiji.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15100334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T10:23:42Z","timestamp":1696933422000},"page":"334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Oceania\u2019s 5G Multi-Tier Fixed Wireless Access Link\u2019s Long-Term Resilience and Feasibility Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7707-031X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satyanand","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Instrumentation & Control Engineering, College of Engineering, Science & Technology, Fiji National University, Suva 744101, Fiji"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5548-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Rosak-Szyrocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Engineering and Safety, Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Cz\u0119stochowa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Drot\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e0n University, 9026 Gy\u0151r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7120-528X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M4B 2K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2888904","article-title":"Networking and Communications in Autonomous Driving: A Survey","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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