{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:45:18Z","timestamp":1772160318277,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council of Humanities, Science and Technology (CONAHCYT)","award":["2420859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2420859"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extended Reality (XR) is an emerging technology that enables enhanced interaction between the real world and virtual environments. In this study, we conduct a scoping review of XR engines for developing gamified apps and serious games. Our study revolves around four aspects: (1) existing XR game engines, (2) their primary features, (3) supported serious game attributes, and (4) supported learning activities. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model to conduct the scoping review, which included 40 primary studies published between 2019 and 2023. Our findings help us understand how current XR engines support the development of XR-enriched serious games and gamified apps for specific learning activities. Additionally, based on our findings, we suggest a set of pre-established game attributes that could be commonly supported by all XR game engines across the different game categories proposed by Lameras. Hence, this scoping review can help developers (1) select important game attributes for their new games and (2) choose the game engine that provides the most support to these attributes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15120379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T07:56:10Z","timestamp":1701071770000},"page":"379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Extended Reality (XR) Engines for Developing Gamified Apps and Serious Games: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Humberto","family":"Mar\u00edn-Vega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/I. T. Orizaba, Av. Oriente 9, No. 852, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Orizaba 94320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3296-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giner","family":"Alor-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/I. T. Orizaba, Av. Oriente 9, No. 852, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Orizaba 94320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maritza","family":"Bustos-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/I. T. Orizaba, Av. Oriente 9, No. 852, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Orizaba 94320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/I. T. Orizaba, Av. Oriente 9, No. 852, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Orizaba 94320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norma Leticia","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Chaparro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Campus Zongolica, Km 4 Carretera a la Compa\u00f1\u00eda S\/N, Tepetitlanapa, Zongolica 95005, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-020-00448-4","article-title":"Framework for Developing Alternative Reality Environments to Engineer Large, Complex Systems","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virtual Real."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Jiang, E., and Laidlaw, D.H. (2023, October 02). Practicing in Virtual Reality Improves Mental Rotation Ability: Lower Scorers Benefit More. 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