{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T20:36:11Z","timestamp":1771619771766,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0320403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0320403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2021-123627OB-C52"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123627OB-C52"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Education and Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0320403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0320403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Education and Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2021-123627OB-C52"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123627OB-C52"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>WiFi is a widely used wireless technology for data transmission. WiFi can also play a crucial role in simultaneously broadcasting content to multiple devices in multimedia transmission for venues such as classrooms, theaters, and stadiums, etc. Broadcasting allows for the efficient dissemination of information to all devices connected to the network, and it becomes crucial to ensure that the WiFi network has sufficient capacity to transmit broadcast multimedia content without interruptions or delays. However, using WiFi for broadcasting presents challenges that can impact user experience, specifically the difficulty of obtaining real-time feedback from potentially hundreds or thousands of users due to potential collisions of feedback messages. This work focuses on providing accurate feedback to the Access Point about the percentage of users not receiving broadcast traffic correctly so it can adjust its Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) while transmitting broadcast multimedia content to many users. The proposed method is comprised of two sequential algorithms. In order to reduce the probability of a collision after transmitting each message, an algorithm searches for the best probability value for users to transmit ACK\/NACK messages, depending on whether messages are received correctly or not. This feedback allows the Access Point to estimate the number of STAs correctly\/incorrectly receiving the messages being transmitted. A second algorithm uses this estimation so the Access Point can select the best MCS while maintaining the percentage of users not receiving broadcast content correctly within acceptable margins, thus providing users with the best possible content quality. We implemented the proposed method in the ns-3 simulator, and the results show it yields quick, reliable feedback to the Access Point that was then able to adjust to the best possible MCS in only a few seconds, regardless of the user density and dimensions of the scenario.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15120396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T11:24:43Z","timestamp":1702293883000},"page":"396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["PROFEE: A Probabilistic-Feedback Based Speed Rate Adaption for IEEE 802.11bc"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4190-1660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunications Department, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4742-7223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Jaime","family":"Camacho-Escoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Department, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1510-1608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Orozco-Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albacete Research Institute of Informatics, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Rodriguez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Department, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ansley, C., Morioka, H., Emmelmann, M., McCann, S., Wang, X., and Patil, A. (2019). 802.11bc Functional Requirements Document, IEEE."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuri, J., and Kasera, S. (1999, January 21\u201325). Reliable multicast in multi-access wireless LANs. Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM \u201999. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies: The Future Is Now, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.1999.751463"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Adamson, R., and Macker, J. (2002, January 7\u201310). Quantitative prediction of NACK-oriented reliable multicast (norm) feedback. Proceedings of the MILCOM 2002, Anaheim, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Gupta, S., Shankar, V., and Lalwani, S. (2003, January 11\u201315). Reliable multicast MAC protocol for wireless LANs. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. 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An Adaptive Modulation Method with IEEE 802.11aa GCR Block Ack for QoE Enhancement of Audio-Video Reliable Groupcast. Proceedings of the 2019 2nd World Symposium on Communication Engineering (WSCE), Nagoya, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/WSCE49000.2019.9041015"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanda, T., Koda, Y., Yamamoto, K., and Nishio, T. (2022, January 8\u201311). ACK-Less Rate Adaptation for IEEE 802.11bc Enhanced Broadcast Services Using Sim-to-Real Deep Reinforcement Learning. 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Proceedings of the IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications, LATINCOM 2022, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","DOI":"10.1109\/LATINCOM56090.2022.10000451"}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/15\/12\/396\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:36:00Z","timestamp":1760132160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/15\/12\/396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["fi15120396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi15120396","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-5903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]}}}