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One simple method to tackle such situations is the usage of hybrid techniques, where local minimization algorithms are used in conjunction with the main algorithm. However, Grammatical Evolution is an integer optimization problem and, as a consequence, techniques should be formulated that are applicable to it as well. In the current work, a modified version of the Simulated Annealing algorithm is used as a local optimization procedure in Grammatical Evolution. This approach was tested on the Constructed Neural Networks and a remarkable improvement of the experimental results was shown, both in classification data and in data fitting cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi16050172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T09:30:03Z","timestamp":1715851803000},"page":"172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Using Optimization Techniques in Grammatical Evolution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2343-2733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis G.","family":"Tsoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 47150 Kostaki Artas, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9043-1290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Tzallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 47150 Kostaki Artas, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6243-3755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Karvounis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 47150 Kostaki Artas, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.02.109","article-title":"Evolutionary techniques in optimizing machining parameters: Review and recent applications (2007\u20132011)","volume":"39","author":"Yusup","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Syst. 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