{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T19:28:23Z","timestamp":1783366103429,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research explores the application of wireless sensor networks for the non-invasive monitoring of sleep quality and vital signs in elderly individuals, addressing significant challenges faced by the aging population. The study implemented and evaluated WSNs in home environments, focusing on variables such as breathing frequency, deep sleep, snoring, heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), oxygen saturation, Rapid Eye Movement (REM sleep), and temperature. The results demonstrated substantial improvements in key metrics: 68% in breathing frequency, 68% in deep sleep, 70% in snoring reduction, 91% in HRV, and 85% in REM sleep. Additionally, temperature control was identified as a critical factor, with higher temperatures negatively impacting sleep quality. By integrating AI with WSN data, this study provided personalized health recommendations, enhancing sleep quality and overall health. This approach also offered significant support to caregivers, reducing their burden. This research highlights the cost-effectiveness and scalability of WSN technology, suggesting its feasibility for widespread adoption. The findings represent a significant advancement in geriatric health monitoring, paving the way for more comprehensive and integrated care solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi16090323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T05:02:28Z","timestamp":1725598948000},"page":"323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Enhancing Elderly Care through Low-Cost Wireless Sensor Networks and Artificial Intelligence: A Study on Vital Sign Monitoring and Sleep Improvement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0272-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Del-Valle-Soto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Panamericana, \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan 45010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon A.","family":"Brise\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario de Ciencias Econ\u00f3mico Administrativas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45180, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9966-9131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramiro","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Panamericana, Aguascalientes 20296, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9477-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Guerra-Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Panamericana, \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan 45010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Perez-Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Panamericana, \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan 45010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac H.","family":"Preciado-Bazavilvazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Panamericana, \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan 45010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4058-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Visconti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4084-1424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Varela-Ald\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educaci\u00f3n (CICHE), Universidad Indoam\u00e9rica, Ambato 180103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12319","article-title":"Sleep disorders in the elderly: A growing challenge","volume":"18","author":"Gulia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roggema, R., Krstikj, A., and Flores, B. 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