{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:57:07Z","timestamp":1760057827606,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a frame aggregation with a simple block acknowledgement (FASBA) mechanism to provide a strict QoS guarantee to life-saving emergency traffic in wireless local area networks. This work builds on our previous work on a multi-preemptive enhanced distributed channel access protocol called MP-EDCA. The main difference between FASBA and MP-EDCA is that MP-EDCA does not provide a strict QoS guarantee to life-saving emergency traffic (e.g., ambulance calls), especially in high-load conditions. Our proposed FASBA protocol solves the problems of achieving a strict QoS guarantee to life-saving emergency traffic. The strict QoS guarantee is achieved by aggregating multiple frames with a two-bit block acknowledgement for transmissions. FASBA assures guaranteed network services by reducing MAC overheads; consequently, it offers higher throughput, lower packet delays, and accommodates a larger number of life-saving emergency nodes during emergencies. The performance of the proposed FASBA is validated by Riverbed Modeler and MATLAB 2024a-based simulation. Results obtained show that the proposed FASBA offers about 30% lower delays, 17% higher throughput, and 60% lower retransmission attempts than MP-EDCA under high-traffic loads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi17030111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T03:22:44Z","timestamp":1740972164000},"page":"111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frame Aggregation with Simple Block Acknowledgement Mechanism to Provide Strict Quality of Service Guarantee to Emergency Traffic in Wireless Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shuaib K.","family":"Memon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK"}]},{"given":"Md Akbar","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Eastern Institute of Technology, Napier 4112, New Zealand"},{"name":"Computer and Information Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2770-8319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurul I.","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer and Information Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mulhanga, M.M., Lima, S.R., and Carvalho, P. 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