{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T20:53:28Z","timestamp":1770843208121,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62261056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62261056"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024XJZD01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024XJZD01"]}]},{"name":"Qinghai Minzu University Key Scientific Research Project in Science and Engineering","award":["62261056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62261056"]}]},{"name":"Qinghai Minzu University Key Scientific Research Project in Science and Engineering","award":["2024XJZD01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024XJZD01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the issues of high energy consumption, data collisions, and invalid wake-ups of nontarget nodes in large-scale node-deployment scenarios of long-range (LoRa) star networks, this paper proposes an energy-saving wake-up scheme that combines (i) time-division multiple access (TDMA) slot allocation based on bidirectional timestamp correction with (ii) a sensing and communication integrated (ISAC) scheme proposed for physical address identification of LoRa nodes operating on the same channel. The scheme incorporates parameter estimation of the LoRa channel, which effectively enhances the identification accuracy and improves the system\u2019s robustness. The proposed scheme consists of two parts: First, in case nodes briefly lose power, a bidirectional timestamp calibration algorithm and GPS-assisted timing are used to synchronize the gateway and each node with high precision, ensuring the accurate scheduling of the TDMA mechanism. Second, based on time synchronization, a \u201cslot\u2013LoRa module address\u201d mapping table is constructed to set the communication time points between the gateway and each node. The gateway can wake the target nodes at specific, precise communication time points. Experimental results show that the proposed method maintains the error range within \u00b11 ms. The significant decrease in the rate of unnecessary node wake-up decreases data collisions and energy waste in the same channel environment. Energy savings scale with network size, thereby significantly extending the network life cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi17080369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T15:16:37Z","timestamp":1755184597000},"page":"369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Energy-Efficient Scheme for Waking Co-Channel TDMA in LoRa Networks via the Integration of Bidirectional Timestamp Correction and Address Recognition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zongliang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810000, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Teaching of Communication Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2865-567X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guicai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810000, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Teaching of Communication Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China"}]},{"given":"Yingcong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810000, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Teaching of Communication Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810000, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Teaching of Communication Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2017.12.005","article-title":"A comparative study of LPWAN technologies for large-scale IoT deployment","volume":"5","author":"Mekki","year":"2019","journal-title":"ICT Express"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"243","article-title":"A review of remote sensing technologies for the Internet of Things","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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