{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T15:41:21Z","timestamp":1764949281595,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Most adaptive learning systems personalize around content sequencing and difficulty adjustment rather than transforming instructional material within the lesson itself. This paper presents the STREAM (Semantic Transformation and Real-Time Educational Adaptation Multimodal) framework. This modular pipeline decomposes multimodal educational content into semantically tagged, pedagogically annotated units for regeneration into alternative formats while preserving source traceability. STREAM is designed to integrate automatic speech recognition, transformer-based natural language processing, and planned computer vision components to extract instructional elements from teacher explanations, slides, and embedded media. Each unit receives metadata, including time codes, instructional type, cognitive demand, and prerequisite concepts, designed to enable format-specific regeneration with explicit provenance links. For a predefined visual-learner profile, the system generates annotated path diagrams, two-panel instructional guides, and entity pictograms with complete back-link coverage. Ablation studies confirm that individual components contribute measurably to output completeness without compromising traceability. This paper reports results from a tightly scoped feasibility pilot that processes a single five-minute elementary STEM video offline under clean audio\u2013visual conditions. We position the pilot\u2019s limitations as testable hypotheses that require validation across diverse content domains, authentic deployments with ambient noise and bandwidth constraints, multiple learner profiles, including multilingual students and learners with disabilities, and controlled comprehension studies. The contribution is a transparent technical demonstration of feasibility and a methodological scaffold for investigating whether within-lesson content transformation can support personalized learning at scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi17120564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T15:11:24Z","timestamp":1764947484000},"page":"564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["STREAM: A Semantic Transformation and Real-Time Educational Adaptation Multimodal Framework in Personalized Virtual Classrooms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9546-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leyli Nouraei","family":"Yeganeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teaching, Learning and Educational Leadership, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1880-0586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8086-5607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole Scarlett","family":"Fenty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teaching, Learning and Educational Leadership, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5467-4885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teaching, Learning and Educational Leadership, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9124-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Hatami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spaho, E., \u00c7i\u00e7o, B., and Shabani, I. 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