{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:41:13Z","timestamp":1785386473596,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"RESearch and innovation on future Telecommunications systems and networks","award":["C89J4000260004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C89J4000260004"]}]},{"name":"EU\u2013NextGenerationEU-Cascading","award":["E13C22001870001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E13C22001870001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents an edge-to-cloud orchestrator capable of supporting services running at the edge on heterogeneous nodes based on general-purpose processing units and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform (i.e., AMD Kria K26 SoM) in an urban environment, integrated with a series of cloud-based services and capable of minimizing energy consumption. A use case of vehicle traffic monitoring is considered in a mobility scenario involving computing nodes equipped with video acquisition systems to evaluate the feasibility of the system. Since the use case concerns the monitoring of vehicular traffic by AI-based images and video processing, specific support for application orchestration in the form of containers was required. The development concerned the feasibility of managing containers with hardware acceleration derived from the Vitis AI design flow, leveraged to accelerate AI inference on the AMD Kria K26 SoM. A Kubernetes-based controller node was designed to facilitate the tracking and monitoring of specific vehicles. These vehicles may either be flagged by law enforcement authorities due to legal concerns or identified by the system itself through detection mechanisms deployed in computing nodes. Strategically distributed across the city, these nodes continuously analyze traffic, identifying vehicles that match the search criteria. Using containerized microservices and Kubernetes orchestration, the infrastructure ensures that tracking operations remain uninterrupted even in high-traffic scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi17120574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T15:52:59Z","timestamp":1765813979000},"page":"574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Edge-to-Cloud Continuum Orchestrator Based on Heterogeneous Nodes for Urban Traffic Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4420-3363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Ruiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9113-6103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Lagorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Rubattu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1910-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Anedda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"},{"name":"CNIT (National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications), 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Sanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0615-6546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Fadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2024.101272","article-title":"The computing continuum: From IoT to the cloud","volume":"27","author":"Jansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Internet Things"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2024.3438096","article-title":"Discovery of 6G Services and Resources in Edge-Cloud-Continuum","volume":"39","author":"Farhoudi","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiu, P., Scionti, A., Nider, J., and Rapoport, M. 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