{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:38:01Z","timestamp":1760243881811,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Searching names of persons, families, and organizations is often difficult in online databases because different persons or organizations frequently share the same name and because a single person\u2019s or organization\u2019s name may appear in different forms in various online documents. Databases and search engines can use metadata as a tool to solve the problem of name ambiguity and name variation in online databases. This article describes the challenges names pose in information retrieval and some emerging name metadata databases that can help ameliorate the problems. Effective name disambiguation and collocation increase search precision and recall and can improve assessment of scholarly work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi2010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]],"date-time":"2010-01-05T11:04:20Z","timestamp":1262689460000},"page":"1-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Metadata for Name Disambiguation and Collocation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Beall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Denver, 1100 Lawrence St., Denver, CO 80204, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1126\/science.323.5922.1662","article-title":"Are you ready to become a number?","volume":"323","author":"Enserink","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acalib.2008.06.007","article-title":"The weaknesses of full-text searching","volume":"34","author":"Beall","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acad. Libr."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Smith-Yoshimura, K. (2009). Networking Names, OCLC Programs and Research."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"287","article-title":"Author name disambiguation","volume":"43","author":"Smalheiser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Inform. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"American Psychological Association (2001). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, American Psychological Association. [5th Ed.]."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60931-9","article-title":"Researcher identification: the right needle in the haystack","volume":"371","author":"Cals","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.18438\/B81596","article-title":"Name authority challenges for indexing and abstracting databases","volume":"1","author":"Bennett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Evid. Based Libr. Inform. Pract."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2007.11.001","article-title":"Improving the performance of personal name disambiguation using web directories","volume":"44","author":"Vu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inform. Process. Manag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1126\/science.324.5934.1514-b","article-title":"Cataloguing names the old-fashioned way","volume":"324","author":"Beall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"760","article-title":"Letters to the Editor","volume":"47","author":"Smiraglia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cat. Class. Q."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Library of Congress Frequently Asked Questions on creating Personal Name Authority Records (NARs) for NACO, Available online:http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/pcc\/naco\/personnamefaq.html#21."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Available online:http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/rr\/print\/resource\/228_authfile.html."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Hickey, T. Expanding the concept of universal bibliographic control. Available online:http:\/\/www.oclc.org\/us\/en\/nextspace\/013\/research.htm."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"International Standard Name Identifier. Available online:http:\/\/www.isni.org\/."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/2\/1\/1\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:01:06Z","timestamp":1760220066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/2\/1\/1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["fi2010001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi2010001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-5903"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,5]]}}}