{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:05:03Z","timestamp":1791309903107,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,18]],"date-time":"2010-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1287360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Web Search Engines provide a huge number of answers in response to a user query, many of which are not relevant, whereas some of the most relevant ones may not be found. In the literature several approaches have been proposed in order to help a user to find the information relevant to his\/her real needs on the Web. To achieve this goal the individual Information Behavior can been analyzed to \u2019keep\u2019 track of the user\u2019s interests. Keeping information is a type of Information Behavior, and in several works researchers have referred to it as the study on what people do during a search on the Web. Generally, the user\u2019s actions (e.g., how the user moves from one Web page to another, or her\/his download of a document, etc.) are recorded in Web logs. This paper reports on research activities which aim to exploit the information extracted from Web logs (or query logs) in personalized user ontologies, with the objective to support the user in the process of discovering Web information relevant to her\/his information needs. Personalized ontologies are used to improve the quality of Web search by applying two main techniques: query reformulation and re-ranking of query evaluation results. In this paper we analyze various methodologies presented in the literature aimed at using personalized ontologies, defined on the basis of the observation of Information Behaviour to help the user in finding relevant information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi2040533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,18]],"date-time":"2010-10-18T12:19:09Z","timestamp":1287404349000},"page":"533-558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ontology-Based Information Behaviour to Improve Web Search"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Calegari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication-DISCo, University of Milano-Bicocca, V.le Sarca 336-14, 20126, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Pasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication-DISCo, University of Milano-Bicocca, V.le Sarca 336-14, 20126, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39845-5_2","article-title":"Web Information Personalization: Challenges and Approaches","volume":"2822","author":"Shahabi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lect. 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