{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T16:53:03Z","timestamp":1774198383901,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Outdoor leisure activities are important for public health as well as family cohesiveness, yet environmental factors may easily affect someone\u2019s ability to participate in such activities. We explored this with a focus on the social web-based treasure hunt game called Geocaching. We collected data on all US and Canadian geocaches from OpenCaching.com and conducted an online survey with twenty geocachers as a follow-up to our data analysis. Data analysis showed that geocaches were more often found in areas that were wealthier, better educated, younger, and more urban, and had higher population density and better weather. Survey results showed similar trends: Most people actively thought about where they would cache and tried to minimize risks, despite cache hiders thinking less about these concerns. These results further emphasize the importance of environmental factors when it comes to participation in outdoor activities and leads to Human\u2013Computer Interaction design implications for location-based online social activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi8020011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T10:57:33Z","timestamp":1460458653000},"page":"11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Environmental Factors Affecting Where People Geocache"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Golbeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carman","family":"Neustaedter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Interactive Arts and Technology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/00222216.2009.11950166","article-title":"Family leisure satisfaction and satisfaction with family life","volume":"41","author":"Agate","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Leis. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/00222216.2009.11950178","article-title":"Outdoor recreation and family cohesiveness: A research approach","volume":"41","author":"West","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Leis. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neustaedter, C., Tang, A., and Judge, T. (2010, January 10\u201315). The Role of Community and Groupware in Geocache Creation and Maintenance. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Atlanta, GA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753590"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Hara, K. (2008, January 5\u201310). Understanding Geocaching Practices and Motivations. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Florence, Italy.","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357239"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Cliffs, N.J.E. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, Prentice-Hall."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"329","article-title":"Psychosocial and perceived environmental correlates of physical activity in rural and older African American and white women","volume":"58","author":"Wilcox","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(01)00426-3","article-title":"Environmental factors associated with adults\u2019 participation in physical activity: A review","volume":"22","author":"Humpel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Telaar, D., Kr\u00fcger, A., and Sch\u00f6ning, J. (2014). A large-scale quantitative survey of the german geocaching community in 2007. Adv. Hum. Comput. Interact., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/257815"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2015.08.015","article-title":"Geocaching data as an indicator for recreational ecosystem services in urban areas: Exploring spatial gradients, preferences and motivations","volume":"144","author":"Cord","year":"2015","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/8\/2\/11\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:22:05Z","timestamp":1760210525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/8\/2\/11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["fi8020011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi8020011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-5903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]}}}