{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T12:45:14Z","timestamp":1775738714253,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]],"date-time":"2017-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal State of Macklenburg-Western Pomerania and the European Social Fund","award":["ESF\/IV-BM-B35-0006\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESF\/IV-BM-B35-0006\/12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research combines between two different manufacturing concepts. On the one hand, flow shop scheduling is a well-known problem in production systems. The problem appears when a group of jobs shares the same processing sequence on two or more machines sequentially. Flow shop scheduling tries to find the appropriate solution to optimize the sequence order of this group of jobs over the existing machines. The goal of flow shop scheduling is to obtain the continuity of the flow of the jobs over the machines. This can be obtained by minimizing the delays between two consequent jobs, therefore the overall makespan can be minimized. On the other hand, collaborative robotics is a relatively recent approach in production where a collaborative robot (cobot) is capable of a close proximity cooperation with the human worker to increase the manufacturing agility and flexibility. The simplest case-study of a collaborative workcell is one cobot in cooperation with one worker. This collaborative workcell can be seen as a special case of the shop flow scheduling problem, where the required time from the worker to perform a specific job is unknown and variable. Therefore, during this research, we implement an intelligent control solution which can optimize the flow shop scheduling problem over the previously mentioned case-study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi9030048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]],"date-time":"2017-08-16T10:43:51Z","timestamp":1502880231000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Flow Shop Scheduling Problem and Solution in Cooperative Robotics\u2014Case-Study: One Cobot in Cooperation with One Worker"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8291-2211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Sadik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visual Assistance Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphic Research IGD, 18059 Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bodo","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visual Assistance Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphic Research IGD, 18059 Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadik, A., and Urban, B. (2016, January 4\u20136). A Holonic Control System Design for a Human & Industrial Robot Cooperative Workcell. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions (ICARSC), Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICARSC.2016.16"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10696-006-9028-7","article-title":"Flexible and reconfigurable manufacturing systems paradigms","volume":"17","author":"Elmaraghy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Flex. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadik, A., and Bodo, U. (2017). Combining Adaptive Holonic Control and ISA-95 Architectures to Self-Organize the Interaction in a Worker-Industrial Robot Cooperative Workcell. Future Internet, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi9030035"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsarouchi, P., Michalos, G., Makris, S., Athanasatos, T., Dimoulas, K., and Chryssolouris, G. (2017). 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