{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:35:48Z","timestamp":1789605348511,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31471073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31471073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19JYXK002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19JYXK002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Major Training Project of Provincial Advantageous Special Disciplines","award":["31471073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31471073"]}]},{"name":"Major Training Project of Provincial Advantageous Special Disciplines","award":["19JYXK002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19JYXK002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Games"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trust and reciprocity promote cooperation and are key elements of a successful social life. This study investigated the framing effects on trust and reciprocity behaviors. Using an iterated one-shot within-subjects design, this study explored how trust and reciprocity decisions changed when the game was framed in terms of a give (i.e., using a standard trust game with a default of no trust) and a take (e.g., using a distrust game with a default of full trust) frame. Participants of both genders first completed the scenario version of the game (Session 1), and then played the roles of trustors (Session 2) and trustees (Session 3) with human and computer-mediated human partners either in the give or take frame. Our results showed increased trust in the give than in the take frame, but only pronounced in direct interaction with human (vs. indirect computer-mediated) partners. Participants also showed higher expectations of return in the give than in the take frame. The actual reciprocity was higher in the give than in the take frame when interacting both with human and computer-mediated human partners. The results contribute to our understanding of the factors that shape trust and reciprocity and emphasize the impact of framing the default.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/g14010008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T05:09:32Z","timestamp":1673586572000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Default Matters in Trust and Reciprocity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Hengyi Jing Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1204-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yushu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Hengyi Jing Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1465-2371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Hengyi Jing Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310030, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairment, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ostrom, E., and Walker, J. 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