{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:15:22Z","timestamp":1760242522634,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Sonderforschungsbereich 303 and grants HE 2790\/2, 446 CHV-111\/1\/00, CHV 113\/174\/0-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sonderforschungsbereich 303 and grants HE 2790\/2, 446 CHV-111\/1\/00, CHV 113\/174\/0-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EU-TMR Research Network ENDEAR","award":["FMRX-0238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FMRX-0238"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Games"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Using a unique experimental data set, we investigate how asymmetric legal rights shape bargainers\u2019 aspiration levels through moral entitlements derived from equity norms and number prominence. Aspiration formation is typically hard to observe in real life. Our study involves 15 negotiations from Germany and China. Over the course of the negotiation, bargainers discuss the distribution of an amount of money by alternating offers until they consent or break off. Legal rights are randomly assigned by asymmetric outside options. We videotape and code the in-group discussions. In total, verbal data from 30 groups, 1100 pages of transcripts, and 65 h of discussions are content-analyzed. Our main finding is that strong groups derive and defend moral entitlements from equity concerns with regard to their outside options. They strive for equitable but unequal distributions (e.g., proportional split and split the difference). Moral entitlements materialize in the recorded aspiration levels and final payoffs, which exceed the equal split. By contrast, weak groups aim at equality. Over the course of the negotiation, equity tends to lose, while the prominence of round numbers gains importance. Similarities between the subject pools are found in that equity and prominence are both decisive for the formation of aspiration levels. Chinese negotiations are characterized by long periods of stagnation, only minimal concessions, and the communication of false goals. By contrast, Germans steadily reduce their goals and make concessions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/g8040044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T11:14:35Z","timestamp":1508238875000},"page":"44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Moral Entitlements and Aspiration Formation in Asymmetric Bargaining: Experimental Evidence from Germany and China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Heike","family":"Hennig-Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Economics Department, Bonn University, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Health and Society, Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Gari","family":"Walkowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Corporate Development and Business Ethics, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlicht, E. (1998). On Custom in the Economy, Clarendon Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/0198292244.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"728","article-title":"Fairness as a constraint on profit seeking: Entitlements in the market","volume":"76","author":"Kahneman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"249","article-title":"Moral property rights in bargaining","volume":"51","author":"Riedl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"155","article-title":"The deadline effect in bargaining: Some experimental evidence","volume":"78","author":"Roth","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"577","article-title":"Anspruchsanpassungstheorie der Unternehmung","volume":"118","author":"Sauermann","year":"1962","journal-title":"Z. Ges. Staatswiss."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"B\u00f6hm, V., and Nachtkamp, H.H. (1981). A Non-cooperative model of characteristic-function bargaining. Essays in Game Theory and Mathematical Economics: in Honor of Oskar Morgenstern, Bibliographisches Institut AG."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"St\u00e5hl, I. (1972). Bargaining Theory, Stockholm School of Economics."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Krelle, W. (1975). A New Theory of Bargaining: Applied to the Problem of Wage Determination and Strikes, Bonn University. unpublished manuscript."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2307\/1912531","article-title":"Perfect equilibrium in a bargaining model","volume":"50","author":"Rubinstein","year":"1982","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roth, A.E. (1985). Game-Theoretic Models of Bargaining, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511528309"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2307\/1884679","article-title":"Incomplete information bargaining with outside opportunities","volume":"102","author":"Fudenberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Q. J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-8256(91)90030-I","article-title":"Do people exploit their bargaining power? An experimental study","volume":"3","author":"Binmore","year":"1991","journal-title":"Game Econ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-8256(92)90013-I","article-title":"A unique solution to n\u2013person sequential bargaining","volume":"4","author":"Asheim","year":"1992","journal-title":"Games Econ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Tsiropoulou, E.E., Kapoukakis, A., and Papavassiliou, S. (2013, January 22\u201324). Energy-efficient subcarrier allocation in SC\u2013FDMA wireless networks based on multilateral model of bargaining. Proceedings of the 2013 IFIP Networking Conference, Brooklyn, NY, USA."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsiropoulou, E.E., Ziras, I., and Papavassiliou, S. (2015, January 1\u20132). Service differentiation and resource allocation in SC\u2013FDMA wireless networks through user-centric distributed non-cooperative multilateral bargaining. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference, AdHocHets 2015, San Remo, Italy.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25067-0_4"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"44","article-title":"An experimental analysis of wage bargaining behavior","volume":"131","author":"Tietz","year":"1975","journal-title":"Z. Ges. Staatswiss."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Helmst\u00e4dter, E. (1978). Entscheidungsprinzipien der bilateralen Anspruchsanpassung. Neuere Entwicklungen in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Schriften des Vereins f\u00fcr Socialpolitik, Duncker und Humblot. N.F. 98."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00355-006-0141-z","article-title":"Dividing justly in bargaining problems with claims\u2014Normative judgments and actual negotiations","volume":"27","author":"Riedl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Choice Welf."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Fischer, S. (2005). Inequality Aversion in Ultimatum Games with Asymmetric Conflict Payoffs: A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis. Discussion Paper 2005-36, Max Planck Institute of Economics. Available online: http:\/\/papers.econ.mpg.de\/esi\/discussionpapers\/2005-36.pdf."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2016.07.007","article-title":"Equity and bargaining power in ultimatum games","volume":"130","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Econ. Behav. Organ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hennig-Schmidt, H., Irlenbusch, B., Rilke, R.M., and Walkowitz, G. (2017). Asymmetric outside options in ultimatum bargaining: A systematic analysis. Int. J. Game Theory, forthcoming.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00182-017-0588-4"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuon, B. (1994). Two\u2013Person Bargaining Experiments with Incomplete Information, Springer. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-48777-4"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1006\/game.1995.1025","article-title":"Outside options and social comparison in three-player ultimatum game experiments","volume":"10","author":"Knez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Game Econ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1006\/game.1996.0026","article-title":"Fairness in ultimatum games with asymmetric information and asymmetric payoffs","volume":"13","author":"Kagel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Game Econ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Kohnz, S., and Hennig-Schmidt, H. (2008). Asymmetric Outside Options in Ultimatum Games\u2014An Experimental Study, Bonn University. Unpublished manuscript."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/002200275700100104","article-title":"Bargaining, communication, and limited war","volume":"1","author":"Schelling","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Confl. Resolut."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gottinger, H.W., and Leinfellner, W. (1978). The equity principle in economic behavior. Decision Theory, Social Ethics, Issues in Social Choice, D. Reidel Publishing Company.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-9838-4"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roth, A.E. (1987). Equity and coalition bargaining in experimental three-person games. Laboratory Experimentation in Economics, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511528316"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Schelling, T.C. (1960). The Strategy of Conflict, Harvard University Press."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Homans, G.C. (1961). Social Behaviour, Routledge and Kegan Paul."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"265","article-title":"Inequity in social exchange","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1965","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.90.4.1072","article-title":"Fair Shares: Accountability and Cognitive Dissonance in Allocation Decisions","volume":"90","author":"Konow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1257\/002205103771800013","article-title":"Which is the fairest one of all? A positive analysis of justice theories","volume":"41","author":"Konow","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Econ. Lit."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Joachim, H.H., and Rees, D.A. (2009). Aristotle: The Nicomachean Ethics, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Equity sensitivity and negotiation behaviors: A look at Mexican exporters","volume":"2005","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acad. Mark. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9701.2006.00833.x","article-title":"Fairness in international trade negotiations","volume":"29","author":"Narlikar","year":"2006","journal-title":"World Econ."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10726-008-9121-2","article-title":"Modeling the Caspian Sea negotiations","volume":"19","author":"Sheikhmohammady","year":"2010","journal-title":"Group Decis. Negot."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.11.1.109","article-title":"Explaining bargaining impasse: The role of self-serving biases","volume":"11","author":"Babcock","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Econ. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.97.3.818","article-title":"The pluralism of fairness ideals: An experimental approach","volume":"97","author":"Cappelen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2681(01)00190-1","article-title":"Equitable choices in bargaining games with joint production","volume":"46","author":"Gantner","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Econ. Behav. Organ."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.2307\/136209","article-title":"Fairness in public good provision: An investigation of preferences for equality and proportionality","volume":"31","author":"Clark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can. J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Scholz, R.W. (1983). On the prominence structure of the decimal system. Decision Making under Uncertainty, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Jullien, F. (2004). \u00dcber die \u2018Zeit\u2019: Elemente einer Philosophie des Lebens, Diaphanes."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Li, Sh. (2000). The History of Chinese Confucianism, Peoples Publishing House."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibusrev.2008.02.011","article-title":"Changing Chinese values: Keeping up with paradoxes","volume":"17","author":"Faure","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1068","article-title":"Bargaining and market behavior in Jerusalem, Ljubljana, Pittsburgh, and Tokyo: An experimental study","volume":"81","author":"Roth","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1153808","article-title":"Anti-social punishment across societies","volume":"319","author":"Herrmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1153808","article-title":"Supporting Material for Anti-social punishment across societies","volume":"319","author":"Herrmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/135910457000100301","article-title":"Back-translation for cross-cultural research","volume":"1","author":"Brislin","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Cross Cult. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Ockenfels, A., and Sadrieh, A. (2010). Understanding negotiations: A video approach in experimental gaming. The Selten School of Behavioral Economics\u2014A Collection of Essays in Honor of Reinhard Selten, Springer."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Reis, H.T., and Judd, Ch.M. (2000). Behavioral observation and coding. Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-006-4310-9","article-title":"Exploring group decision making in a power-to-take experiment","volume":"9","author":"Bosman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Econ."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Reis, H.T., and Judd, C.M. (2000). Methods of Small Group Research. Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Reis, H.T., and Judd, Ch.M. (2000). Content Analysis and Narrative Analysis. Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Siegel, S., and Castellan, N.J. (1988). Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, McGraw-Hill. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Krippendorff, K. (1980). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology, Sage Publications."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merten, K. (2013). Inhaltsanalyse: Einf\u00fchrung in Theorie, Methode und Praxis, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-01467-4_2"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Reis, H.T., and Judd, C.M. (2000). Coding semistructured interviews in social psychological research. Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01384487","article-title":"The Negotiation Agreement Area: An experimental analysis of two-person characteristic function games","volume":"2","author":"Kuon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Group Decis. Negot."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"451","article-title":"Negotiations among Chinese and GermansAn experimental case study","volume":"32","author":"Walkowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Homo Oecon."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"815","article-title":"A Theory of fairness, competition and cooperation","volume":"14","author":"Fehr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Q. J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.90.1.166","article-title":"ERC: A theory of equity, reciprocity, and competition","volume":"90","author":"Bolton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Okada, A., and Riedl, A. (1999). When Culture Does not Matter: Experimental Evidence from Coalition Formation Ultimatum Games in Austria and Japan, Tinbergen Institute. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper 99-043\/1."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PUCH.0000033329.53595.1b","article-title":"How universal is behavior? A four country comparison of spite and cooperation in voluntary contribution mechanisms","volume":"119","author":"Brandts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Choice"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.47.4.793","article-title":"The impact of cultural collectivism on reward allocation","volume":"47","author":"Leung","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327663jcp0803_06","article-title":"Patterns of fairness judgments in North America and the People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"8","author":"Bian","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Consum. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersson, F., and Holm, H. (2002). The impact of fairness on decision making\u2014An analysis of different video experiments. Experimental Economics: Financial Markets, Auctions, and Decision Making, Kluwer Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0917-2"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2681(96)00862-1","article-title":"A positive theory of economic fairness","volume":"31","author":"Konow","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Econ. Behav. Organ."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PUCH.0000024169.08329.eb","article-title":"Modeling other-regarding preferences and an experimental test","volume":"119","author":"Frohlich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Choice"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroecorev.2009.08.005","article-title":"Responsibility for what? Fairness and individual responsibility","volume":"54","author":"Cappelen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2011.02.003","article-title":"The influence of decision power on distributive fairness","volume":"79","author":"Rode","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Econ. Behav. Organ."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.762","article-title":"Effort and fairness in bargaining games","volume":"26","author":"Edwards","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Behav. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-011-9295-3","article-title":"Self-interest and fairness: Self-serving choices of justice principles","volume":"15","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Econ."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"2611","article-title":"Performance information, production uncertainty, and subjective entitlements in bargaining","volume":"61","author":"Riedl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1168244","article-title":"Lab experiments are a major source of knowledge in social sciences","volume":"326","author":"Falk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/jeea.12019","article-title":"Do lab experiments misrepresent social preferences? The case of self-selected student samples","volume":"11","author":"Falk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Eur. Econ. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Bond, M.H. (2010). The multiple frames of \u2018Chinese\u2019 values: From tradition to modernity and beyond. The Handbook of Chinese People, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Von Senger, H. (1988). Strategeme: Lebens\u2014Und \u00dcberlebenslisten der Chinesen\u2014Die Ber\u00fchmten 36 Strategeme aus Drei Jahrtausenden, Scherz."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Von Senger, H. (2004). The 36 Stratagems for Managers, Carl Hanser Verlag."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1571-9979.1998.tb00154.x","article-title":"Negotiation: The Chinese concept","volume":"14","author":"Faure","year":"1998","journal-title":"Negot. J."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"Bond, M.H. (1986). The Social Psychology of Chinese People. The Psychology of Chinese People, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008660330550","article-title":"Intercultural negotiation in international business","volume":"8","author":"Salacuse","year":"1999","journal-title":"Group Decis. Negot."}],"container-title":["Games"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4336\/8\/4\/44\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:47:38Z","timestamp":1760208458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4336\/8\/4\/44"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["g8040044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/g8040044","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4336"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-4336"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]]}}}