{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T07:11:55Z","timestamp":1766733115701,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the key research and development task of Sichuan science and technology planning project","award":["2019YFS0067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFS0067"]}]},{"name":"Research and application of the key techniques of regional dynamic extraction and visual change monitoring of Tibetan remote sensing image in Sichuan province","award":["2020YFS0364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFS0364"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Road semantic segmentation is unique and difficult. Road extraction from remote sensing imagery often produce fragmented road segments leading to road network disconnection due to the occlusion of trees, buildings, shadows, cloud, etc. In this paper, we propose a novel fusion network (FuNet) with fusion of remote sensing imagery and location data, which plays an important role of location data in road connectivity reasoning. A universal iteration reinforcement (IteR) module is embedded into FuNet to enhance the ability of network learning. We designed the IteR formula to repeatedly integrate original information and prediction information and designed the reinforcement loss function to control the accuracy of road prediction output. Another contribution of this paper is the use of histogram equalization data pre-processing to enhance image contrast and improve the accuracy by nearly 1%. We take the excellent D-LinkNet as the backbone network, designing experiments based on the open dataset. The experiment result shows that our method improves over the compared advanced road extraction methods, which not only increases the accuracy of road extraction, but also improves the road topological connectivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10010039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T04:55:31Z","timestamp":1611032131000},"page":"39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["FuNet: A Novel Road Extraction Network with Fusion of Location Data and Remote Sensing Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"Science and Technology Information Department, Sichuan Provincial Department of Public Security, Chengdu 610041, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4888-3880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Big Data Center, Chengdu 610041, China"}]},{"given":"Zhan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Research Institute, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dacheng Juntu Technology Company Limited, Chengdu 610041, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, T., Di, Z., Che, P., Liu, C., and Wang, Y. 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