{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T03:35:07Z","timestamp":1784086507793,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Canadian emergency management planners have historically ignored the self-motivated evacuation procedures of people who cannot initially choose the safest evacuation areas. In densely developed urban areas, open spaces can be seen as ideal evacuation areas and should thus be included in shelter planning. In this study, the public open spaces in Great Victoria were selected as the study area and evaluated using GIS technologies. A multi-criteria TOPSIS evaluation model was used to conduct comprehensive quantitative evaluations of the open spaces\u2019 safety, accessibility, and availability. Through hybrid process, service area, and POI aggregation coupling analyses, a model is created that provides an overall evaluation at the district level. In addition to providing a model for evaluating open spaces as emergency shelters, applicable to most Canadian cities, this study emphasizes the importance and disadvantages of open space emergency shelters in Canada, which have heretofore been ignored by decision makers. In Great Victoria, we found that the distribution of open spaces does not match the dynamics of the population distribution, meaning that through inadequate preparation some districts lack a safe evacuation place\u2014this in an area where people are at high risk of earthquake disasters and their subsequent effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10020063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T13:01:12Z","timestamp":1612270872000},"page":"63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A GIS-Based System for Spatial-Temporal Availability Evaluation of the Open Spaces Used as Emergency Shelters: The Case of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yibing","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Science and Asia-Pacific Studies Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999777, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urban Planning, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taoyu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Science and Asia-Pacific Studies Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999777, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9086-3701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kapo","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999666, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Yeu","family":"Tsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Science and Asia-Pacific Studies Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999777, China"},{"name":"Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999666, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Science and Asia-Pacific Studies Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999777, China"},{"name":"School of Marine Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Feasibility analysis and research on library as a disaster emergency shelter","volume":"34","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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