{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T17:51:07Z","timestamp":1772301067715,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41701437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41701437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Program of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province of China","award":["GJJ180420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ180420"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Digital Land and Resources of Jiangxi Province, East China University of Technology","award":["DLLJ201805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DLLJ201805"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, because of highly developed LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technologies, there has been increasing demand for 3D change detection in urban monitoring, urban model updating, and disaster assessment. In order to improve the effectiveness of 3D change detection based on point clouds, an approach for 3D change detection using point-based comparison is presented in this paper. To avoid density variation in point clouds, adaptive thresholds are calculated through the k-neighboring average distance and the local point cloud density. A series of experiments for quantitative evaluation is performed. In the experiments, the influencing factors including threshold, registration error, and neighboring number of 3D change detection are discussed and analyzed. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the approach using adaptive thresholds based on local point cloud density are effective and suitable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10030127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T01:49:44Z","timestamp":1614649784000},"page":"127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["3D Change Detection Using Adaptive Thresholds Based on Local Point Cloud Density"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Digital Land and Resources of Jiangxi Province, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Dajun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4135-5073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meizhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160110104728","article-title":"Urban built-up land change detection with road density and spectral information from multi-temporal Landsat TM data","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. 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