{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T12:18:00Z","timestamp":1778761080626,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Madhya Pradesh State Biodiversity Board","award":["No.\/238\/MPSBB\/M(P)\/201\/4035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.\/238\/MPSBB\/M(P)\/201\/4035"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3\/1\/3\/JRF-2015\/HRD-LS\/46\/30775\/145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3\/1\/3\/JRF-2015\/HRD-LS\/46\/30775\/145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Conserving landscape connections among favorable habitats is a widely used strategy to maintain populations in an increasingly fragmented world. A species can then exist as a metapopulation consisting of several subpopulations connected by dispersal. Our study focuses on the importance of human\u2013wildlife coexistence areas in maintaining connectivity among primary habitats of small ungulates within and outside protected areas in a large landscape in central India. We used geospatial information and species presence data to model the suitable habitats, core habitats, and connectivity corridors for four antelope species in an ~89,000 km2 landscape. We found that about 63% of the core habitats, integrated across the four species, lie outside the protected areas. We then measured connectivity in two scenarios: the present setting, and a hypothetical future setting\u2014where habitats outside protected areas are lost. We also modelled the areas with a high risk of human-influenced antelope mortality using eco-geographical variables and wildlife mortality records. Overall, we found that the habitats in multiple-use forests play a central role in maintaining the connectivity network for antelopes. Sizable expanses of privately held farmlands and plantations also contribute to the essential movement corridors. Some perilous patches with greater mortality risk for species require mitigation measures such as underpasses, overpasses, and fences. Greater conservation efforts are needed in the spaces of human\u2013wildlife coexistence to conserve the habitat network of small ungulates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10030180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T11:41:06Z","timestamp":1616067666000},"page":"180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Habitat Connectivity for the Conservation of Small Ungulates in A Human-Dominated Landscape"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rajashekhar","family":"Niyogi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mriganka Shekhar","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India"},{"name":"North-East Regional Centre, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Itanagar 791113, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poushali","family":"Hazra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masidur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9212-6000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subham","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2848-9413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12000","article-title":"Individual dispersal, landscape connectivity and ecological networks: Dispersal, connectivity and networks","volume":"88","author":"Baguette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. 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