{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:58:24Z","timestamp":1760234304258,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41571419","41501582","42071277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41571419","41501582","42071277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Catering services are an essential part of urban life. The spatial structure and evolution of catering services can reflect the characteristics of an urban structure to a certain extent. In this study, we selected the main urban area of Chongqing, a typical mountainous city, as the research area. According to data sources for 200,000 catering POI data points in 2015 and 2020, we extracted the hotspots according to catering service grade based on kernel density. We quantitatively analyzed the spatiotemporal structure of catering services in the mountainous city. In addition, we used digital field hierarchical structure Tupu and generalized symmetric structure Tupu to identify the spatial morphology and evolution characteristics to enhance the understanding of geoscience trends. The results showed that (1) the distribution of catering services was statically consistent with the \u201cmulti-center group\u201d distribution of the mountainous city and dynamically similar to the \u201csprawling leap\u201d development of the mountainous city where it developed from independent points to cross mountains and rivers. Moreover, we found that there was a tendency of adhering development between groups. (2) From the perspective of symmetrical distribution, the symmetrical distribution of the catering industry reflected a certain generalized symmetrical structure with mountains and rivers in the mountainous city. Furthermore, the city tended to develop symmetrically along the topography, thus forming the symmetry of economic geography.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10050287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T10:53:29Z","timestamp":1619780009000},"page":"287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hotspot Detection and Spatiotemporal Evolution of Catering Service Grade in Mountainous Cities from the Perspective of Geo-Information Tupu"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of GIS Application, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of GIS Application, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of GIS Application, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9263-7599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuechen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Application of Remote Sensing Big Data, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Jinfo Mountain National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1030","article-title":"Progress on studies of urban spatial structure in China","volume":"32","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. 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