{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:59:26Z","timestamp":1760234366973,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFB0503702","2017YFB0503605","2016YFC0503602","2016YFB0501805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB0503702","2017YFB0503605","2016YFC0503602","2016YFB0501805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["40771167","41771435","41201038","41601486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40771167","41771435","41201038","41601486"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201704910297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201704910297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013091","name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GK-AA17202033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GK-AA17202033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vehicle trajectories derived from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are used in various traffic applications based on trajectory quality analysis for the development of successful traffic models. A trajectory consists of points and links that are connected, where both the points and links are subject to positioning errors in the GNSS. Existing trajectory filters focus on point outliers, but neglect link outliers on tracks caused by a long sampling interval. In this study, four categories of link outliers are defined, i.e., radial, drift, clustered, and shortcut; current available algorithms are applied to filter apparent point outliers for the first three categories, and a novel filtering approach is proposed for link outliers of the fourth category in urban areas using spatial reasoning rules without ancillary data. The proposed approach first measures specific geometric properties of links from trajectory databases and then evaluates the similarities of geometric measures among the links, following a set of spatial reasoning rules to determine link outliers. We tested this approach using taxi trajectory datasets for Beijing with a built-in sampling interval of 50 to 65 s. The results show that clustered links (27.14%) account for the majority of link outliers, followed by shortcut (6.53%), radial (3.91%), and drift (0.62%) outliers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10050333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T10:54:22Z","timestamp":1620989662000},"page":"333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Filtering Link Outliers in Vehicle Trajectories by Spatial Reasoning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Junli","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6871-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianfeng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mobility Asia, Volkswagen, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kemin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5822-5072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runkui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7764-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Rui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinghao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venkatesh","family":"Raghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka 5588585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2019.07.005","article-title":"Spatial-temporal inference of urban traffic emissions based on taxi trajectories and multi-source urban data","volume":"106","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp. 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