{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T03:32:11Z","timestamp":1767065531269,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42071379","41701448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071379","41701448"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011131","name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201811"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fund for Introducing Talents of Sichuan University","award":["YJ202157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJ202157"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Research Fund Project of Southwest Petroleum University","award":["2019RW021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019RW021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding geospatial impacts of multi-sourced drivers on the tourism industry is of great significance for formulating tourism development policies tailored to regional-specific needs. To date, no research in China has explored the combined impacts of socioeconomic and environmental drivers on city-level tourism from a spatiotemporal heterogeneous perspective. We collected the total tourism revenue indicator and 30 potential influencing factors from 343 cities across China during 2008\u20132017. Three mainstream regressions and an emerging local spatiotemporal regression named the Bayesian spatiotemporally varying coefficients (Bayesian STVC) model were constructed to investigate the global-scale stationary and local-scale spatiotemporal nonstationary relationships between city-level tourism and various vital drivers. The Bayesian STVC model achieved the best model performance. Globally, eight socioeconomic and environmental factors, average wage (coefficient: 0.47, 95% credible intervals: 0.43\u20130.51), employed population (\u22120.14, \u22120.17\u2013\u22120.11), GDP per capita (0.47, 0.42\u20130.52), population density (0.21, 0.16\u20130.27), night-time light index (\u22120.01, \u22120.08\u20130.05), slope (0.10, 0.06\u20130.14), vegetation index (0.66, 0.63\u20130.70), and road network density (0.34, 0.29\u20130.38), were identified to have nonlinear effects on tourism. Temporally, the main drivers might have gradually changed from the local macro-economic level, population density, and natural environment conditions to the individual economic level over the last decade. Spatially, city-specific dynamic maps of tourism development and geographically clustered influencing maps for eight drivers were produced. In 2017, China formed four significant city-level tourism industry clusters (hot spots, 90% confidence), the locations of which coincide with China\u2019s top four urban agglomerations. Our local spatiotemporal analysis framework for geographical tourism data is expected to provide insights into adjusting regional measures to local conditions and temporal variations in broader social and natural sciences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10060410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T10:30:25Z","timestamp":1623666625000},"page":"410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts on Regional Tourism across Chinese Cities: A Spatiotemporal Heterogeneous Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2099-755X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System (LREIS), Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}]},{"given":"Chengwu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}]},{"given":"Yili","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1766-2820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhoupeng","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System (LREIS), Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}]},{"given":"Zhangying","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}]},{"given":"Honghu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.5367\/000000008786440229","article-title":"Impact of tourism on economic growth and development in Africa","volume":"14","author":"Fayissa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tour. 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