{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T05:49:54Z","timestamp":1772516994465,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. 41922043, No. 41871287, No. 427 42001323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 41922043, No. 41871287, No. 427 42001323"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an epidemic infectious disease in China. Its incidence is affected by a variety of natural environmental and socioeconomic factors, and its transmission has strong seasonal and spatial heterogeneity. To quantify the spatial relationship between the incidence of HFMD (I-HFMD) and eight potential risk factors (temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, air pressure, altitude, child population density, and per capita GDP) on the Chinese mainland, we established a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to analyze their impacts in different seasons and provinces. The GWR model successfully describes the spatial changes of the influence of potential risks, and shows greatly improved estimation performance compared with the ordinary linear regression (OLR) method. Our findings help to understand the seasonally and spatially relevant effects of natural environmental and socioeconomic factors on the I-HFMD, and can provide information to be used to develop effective prevention strategies against HFMD at different locations and in different seasons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10070448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T10:03:19Z","timestamp":1625047399000},"page":"448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Using Geographically Weighted Regression to Study the Seasonal Influence of Potential Risk Factors on the Incidence of HFMD on the Chinese Mainland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jingtao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9322-0149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sensen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0091-6265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Agricultural and Rural Development, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6448-9736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yadong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1475-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenhong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Qiu, W., Xu, C., and Wang, J. 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