{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:39:45Z","timestamp":1779201585302,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP)","award":["PRJ-561\/LPDP\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRJ-561\/LPDP\/2015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the role of participatory village maps in strengthening the Musrenbang, an annual multi-stakeholder public consultation forum to discuss development issues and plans in Indonesia. We evaluated the Musrenbang in five villages in Deli Serdang District after conducting participatory mapping workshops to produce village maps to inform the Musrenbang process. Our results show that communication between Musrenbang participants improved because the maps provided a clear definition of the village administrative area, geospatial data as resources for participation, transparency, and a dynamic deliberative process. Collaboration was also evident as the maps enabled participants to exchange knowledge, experience social learning, and have greater influence on the decision-making process. Despite the benefits, some issues impeded the optimal use of the village maps to support the participatory process in the Musrenbang. The maps could not completely overcome the power disparities between Musrenbang participants. Certain actors still dominated the implementation of the Musrenbang, making the deliberative process inaccessible to and less inclusive of some local stakeholders. Several improvements are urgently needed to optimise the use of participatory village maps and enhance Musrenbang implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10080512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T10:47:46Z","timestamp":1627555666000},"page":"512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Role of Participatory Village Maps in Strengthening Public Participation Practice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0191-0877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aulia","family":"Akbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA) of Deli Serdang District, Medan 20514, North Sumatra, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8906-7719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Flacke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9634-3849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5552-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin F. A. M.","family":"van Maarseveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shrestha, R., Flacke, J., Martinez, J., and van Maarseveen, M. (2018). Knowledge Co-Production and Social Learning on Environmental Health Issues. GIS in Sustainable Urban Planning and Management: A Global Perspective, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315146638-6"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2008.12.003","article-title":"The use of GIS and indicators to monitor intra-urban inequalities. A case study in Rosario, Argentina","volume":"33","author":"Martinez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Habitat Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-018-1378-7","article-title":"Participatory ecosystem service mapping to enhance community-based mangrove rehabilitation and management in Demak, Indonesia","volume":"19","author":"Damastuti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reg. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2014.12.009","article-title":"Analysis of ecosystem services provision in the Colombian Amazon using participatory research and mapping techniques","volume":"13","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2019.103596","article-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning A bird\u2019 s eye view of my village\u2014Developing participatory geospatial methodology for local level land use planning in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania","volume":"190","author":"Eilola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s11625-017-0500-y","article-title":"Local responses to global sustainability agendas: Learning from experimenting with the urban sustainable development goal in Cape Town","volume":"12","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sustain. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbar, A., Flacke, J., Martinez, J., Aguilar, R., and van Maarseveen, M. (2020). Knowing My Village from the Sky: A Collaborative Spatial Learning Framework to Integrate Spatial Knowledge of Stakeholders in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9090515"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital Community Planning: The Open Source Way to the Top of Arnstein\u2019s Ladder","volume":"5","author":"Falco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. E-Plan. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.22161\/ijaers.677","article-title":"The Role of Geospatial Information for Accelerating the Delineation of Village Boundaries in Indonesia using Cartometric Method","volume":"6","author":"Patmasari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Eng. Res. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Abidin, H. (2019, January 15\u201318). Status and Future Plans One Map Policy Indonesia. Proceedings of the 15th South East Asia Survey Congress, Darwin, Australia."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Ambarwulan, W., Wulan, T., Lestari, S., Patmasari, T., and Suparwati, T. (2018, January 6\u201311). Application of Remotely Sensed Satellite Imagery for Village Boundary Mapping in Indonesia: Case study in Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, South. Proceedings of the FIG Congress 2018, Istanbul, Turkey."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/14672715.2018.1522595","article-title":"Counter-Mapping against oil palm plantations: Reclaiming village territory in Indonesia with the 2014 Village Law","volume":"50","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Asian Stud."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Shahab, N. (2020, November 12). Indonesia: One Map Policy. Available online: https:\/\/www.opengovpartnership.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2001\/01\/case-study_Indonesia_One-Map-Policy.pdf."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Feruglio, F., and Rifai, A. (2017). Participatory Budgeting in Indonesia: Past, Present and Future, Institute of Development Studies."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2018.07.013","article-title":"Engaging global youth in participatory spatial data creation for the UN sustainable development goals: The case of open mapping for malaria prevention","volume":"98","author":"McCusker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnc.2017.12.002","article-title":"Assessing local acceptance of protected area management using public participation GIS (PPGIS)","volume":"43","author":"Engen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nat. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"106","article-title":"Practical ethics for PGIS practitioners, facilitators, technology intermediaries and researchers","volume":"54","author":"Rambaldi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Particip. Learn. Action"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2019.102038","article-title":"Web-based participatory mapping in informal settlements: The slums of Caracas, Venezuela","volume":"94","author":"Falco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Habitat Int."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/03736245.2014.924866","article-title":"How participatory mapping can drive community empowerment\u2014A case study of Koffiekraal, South Africa","volume":"97","year":"2015","journal-title":"South Afr. Geogr. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2013.11.004","article-title":"Key issues and research priorities for public participation GIS (PPGIS): A synthesis based on empirical research","volume":"46","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1080\/09640568.2014.921142","article-title":"Realization of participation and spatiality in participatory forest management\u2014A policy\u2013practice analysis from Zanzibar, Tanzania","volume":"58","author":"Eilola","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Plan. Manag."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"105","article-title":"Participatory Mapping and PGIS: Secerning Facts and Values, Representation and Representativity","volume":"10","author":"McCall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. E-Plan. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"149","article-title":"Co-designing Possible Flooding Solutions: Participatory Mapping Methods to Identify Flood Management Options from a UK Borders Case Study","volume":"1","author":"Cinderby","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wartmann, F., and Purves, R. (2017). What\u2019s (not) on the map: Landscape features from participatory sketch mapping differ from local categories used in language. Land, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/land6040079"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2019.101009","article-title":"Expanding the role of participatory mapping to assess ecosystem service provision in local coastal environments","volume":"39","author":"Burdon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/089419202317174020","article-title":"Siam mapped and mapping in Cambodia: Boundaries, sovereignty, and indigenous conceptions of space","volume":"15","author":"Fox","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc. Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/15575330.2020.1765822","article-title":"Participatory planning practice in rural Indonesia: A sustainable development goals-based evaluation","volume":"51","author":"Akbar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Community Dev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbar, A., Flacke, J., Martinez, J., and van Maarseveen, M. (2020). Spatial Knowledge: A Potential to Enhance Public Participation?. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12125025"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Corbett, J. (1995). Empowering Technologies? Introducing Participatory Geographic Information and Multimedia Systems in two Indonesian Communities, University of Victoria."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1162\/1544752044193425","article-title":"Empowerment and Participatory Geographic Information and Multimedia Systems: Observations from Two Communities in Indonesia","volume":"2","author":"Corbett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inf. Technol. Int. Dev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9671.2010.01206.x","article-title":"Usability issues in applying participatory mapping for neighborhood infrastructure planning","volume":"14","author":"Aditya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans. GIS"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/00087041.2015.1119473","article-title":"Aramani\u2014Decision-support tool for selecting optimal participatory mapping method","volume":"52","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cartogr. J."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"411","article-title":"Mapping customary land in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: A tool for forest management","volume":"23","author":"Sirait","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnc.2015.11.004","article-title":"Participatory mapping to identify indigenous community use zones: Implications for conservation planning in southern Suriname","volume":"29","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nat. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2014.10.007","article-title":"Empirical PPGIS\/PGIS mapping of ecosystem services: A review and evaluation","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2007.08.032","article-title":"Web-based GIS for collaborative planning and public participation: An application to the strategic planning of wind farm sites","volume":"90","author":"Densham","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4959.2005.00173.x","article-title":"Assesing Participatory GIS for Community-Based Natural Resource Management: Claiming Community Forests in Cameroon","volume":"171","author":"McCall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geogr. J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2020.101591","article-title":"OGITO, an Open Geospatial Interactive Tool to support collaborative spatial planning with a maptable","volume":"86","author":"Aguilar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1068\/a45184","article-title":"Neogeography and the delusion of democratisation","volume":"45","author":"Haklay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. A"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1080\/01944369908976071","article-title":"Consensus building and complex adaptive systems: A framework for evaluating collaborative planning","volume":"65","author":"Innes","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Plan. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243903259194","article-title":"Evaluation of a Deliberative Conference","volume":"29","author":"Rowe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Hum. Values"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/016224390002500101","article-title":"Public Participation Methods: A Framework for Evaluation","volume":"25","author":"Rowe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Hum. Values"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/1473095208090432","article-title":"Democratic Assessment of Collaborative Planning Processes","volume":"7","author":"Agger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plan. Theory"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1177\/0739456X08326532","article-title":"Evaluation of public participation: The practices of certified planners","volume":"28","author":"Laurian","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Plan. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/0272-4332.00065","article-title":"The quality of stakeholder-based decisions","volume":"22","author":"Beierle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.01.013","article-title":"Who participates and who doesn\u2019t? Adapting community participation model for developing countries","volume":"53","author":"Swapan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flacke, J., Shrestha, R., and Aguilar, R. (2020). Strengthening participation using interactive planning support systems: A systematic review. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9010049"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perdana, A., and Ostermann, F. (2019). Eliciting Knowledge on Technical and Legal Aspects of Participatory Toponym Handling. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8110500"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s002670010160","article-title":"What is a good public participation process? Five perspectives from the public","volume":"27","author":"Webler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"98","article-title":"Mapping Power: Ironic Effects of Spatial Information Technology","volume":"54","author":"Fox","year":"2006","journal-title":"Particip. Learn. Action"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"114","article-title":"Precision for whom? Mapping ambiguity and certainty in (Participatory) GIS","volume":"54","author":"McCall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Particip. Learn. Action"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2019.02.019","article-title":"Does mapping improve public participation ? Exploring the pros and cons of using public participation GIS in urban planning practices","volume":"186","author":"Kytta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120429","article-title":"Mapping indigenous lands","volume":"34","author":"Chapin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2012.04.007","article-title":"Does participatory mapping increase conflicts? A randomized evaluation in the Bolivian Amazon","volume":"34","author":"Gueze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Catacutan, D., McGaw, E., and Llanza, M. (2014). In Equal Measure: A User Guide to Gender Analysis in Agroforestry, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Southeast Asia Regional Program."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9671.2006.01026.x","article-title":"The implications of including women\u2019s daily lives in a feminist GIScience","volume":"10","author":"Gilbert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans. GIS"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crm.2015.11.003","article-title":"Scenario planning to leap-frog the Sustainable Development Goals: An adaptation pathways approach","volume":"12","author":"Butler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clim. Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"125","article-title":"Roles of Neighborhood Group to Promote Participatory Development in Indonesia: Case of Three Villages in Purbalingga District, Central Java Province","volume":"6","author":"Sutiyo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gov. Polit."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"41","article-title":"Increasing Transparency and Community Participation through the Open Government Partnership in Bojonegoro Regency","volume":"Volume 216","author":"Indika","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Achieving and Sustaining SDGs 2018 Conference: Harnessing the Power of Frontier Technology to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (ASSDG 2018)"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sutiyo, S. (2013). A Study on Implementation of Decentralized Rural Development in Indonesia: Case of Three Villages in Purbalingga District, Central Java Province, Hiroshima University.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-54774-7_10"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2017.03.019","article-title":"Participatory Budgeting and the Poor: Tracing Bias in a Multi-Staged Process in Solo, Indonesia","volume":"96","author":"Grillos","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods, Oxford University Press. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.economics.050708.143235","article-title":"The experimental approach to development economics","volume":"1","author":"Banerjee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Econom."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2716(02)00167-3","article-title":"Geovisualization illustrated","volume":"57","author":"Kraak","year":"2003","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Purba, R. (2010, January 5\u201310). Decentralization and public participation: Learning from Indonesia. Proceedings of the 18th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia: Crises and Opportunities: Past, Present and Future, Adelaide, Australia."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"265","article-title":"Public Participation in Development Planning: A Case Study of Indonesian Musrenbang","volume":"5","author":"Purba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Interdiscip. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"73","article-title":"The roles of procedural justice and social learning in improving self organizing capabilities of local communities for sustainable development in decentralized","volume":"3","author":"Aswad","year":"2012","journal-title":"OIDA Int. J. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/ropr.12326","article-title":"Conservation in Context: Toward a Systems Framing of Decentralized Governance and Public Participation in Wildlife Management","volume":"36","author":"Sullivan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Policy Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bednarska-Olejniczak, D., Olejniczak, J., and Svobodov\u00e1, L. (2020). How a Participatory Budget Can Support Sustainable Rural Development\u2014Lessons From Poland. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12072620"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/186810341203100202","article-title":"Women\u2019s Political Participation in Indonesia: Decentralisation, Money Politics and Collective Memory in Bali","volume":"31","author":"Rhoads","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Curr. Southeast Asian Aff."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"79","article-title":"Land and natural resource mapping by San communities and NGOs: Experiences from Namibia","volume":"54","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Particip. Learn. Action"},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"21","article-title":"Using Community Information Systems to express traditional knowledge embedded in the landscape","volume":"54","author":"Corbett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Particip. Learn. Action"},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"The inhabitants of Moikarak\u00f4, Robert, P., Faure, J., and Laques, A. (2006). The power of maps: Cartography with indigenous people in the Brazilian Amazon. Particip. Learn. Action, 54, 74\u201378."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/00087041.2016.1243862","article-title":"From Mental Maps to GeoParticipation","volume":"53","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cartogr. J."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2011.07.007","article-title":"Geo-information tools for participatory spatial planning: Fulfilling the criteria for \u2018good\u2019governance?","volume":"43","author":"McCall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1080\/00087041.2016.1227552","article-title":"A Shared Perspective for PGIS and VGI","volume":"53","author":"Verplanke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cartogr. J."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-3975(03)00005-5","article-title":"Seeking good governance in participatory-GIS: A review of processes and governance dimensions in applying GIS to participatory spatial planning","volume":"27","author":"McCall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Habitat Int."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1177\/2399808317719709","article-title":"Evaluating the scalability of public participation in urban land use planning: A comparison of Geoweb methods with face-to-face meetings","volume":"46","author":"Jankowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B Urban Anal. City Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-004-0127-2","article-title":"The role of the map in a Web-GIS environment","volume":"6","author":"Kraak","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Syst."}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/10\/8\/512\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:36:42Z","timestamp":1760164602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/10\/8\/512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi10080512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi10080512","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-9964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]}}}