{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T05:19:30Z","timestamp":1776748770814,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61701403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61701403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Project funded by China Post-doctoral Science Foundation","award":["2018M643719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M643719"]}]},{"name":"the Young Talent Support Program of the Shaanxi Association for Science and Technology","award":["20190107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20190107"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department","award":["18JK0767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18JK0767"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As one of China\u2032s most precious cultural relics, the excavation and protection of the Terracotta Warriors pose significant challenges to archaeologists. A fairly common situation in the excavation is that the Terracotta Warriors are mostly found in the form of fragments, and manual reassembly among numerous fragments is laborious and time-consuming. This work presents a fracture-surface-based reassembling method, which is composed of SiamesePointNet, principal component analysis (PCA), and deep closest point (DCP), and is named SPPD. Firstly, SiamesePointNet is proposed to determine whether a pair of point clouds of 3D Terracotta Warrior fragments can be reassembled. Then, a coarse-to-fine registration method based on PCA and DCP is proposed to register the two fragments into a reassembled one. The above two steps iterate until the termination condition is met. A series of experiments on real-world examples are conducted, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than the conventional reassembling methods. We hope this work can provide a valuable tool for the virtual restoration of three-dimension cultural heritage artifacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10080525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T04:33:29Z","timestamp":1628138009000},"page":"525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["SPPD: A Novel Reassembly Method for 3D Terracotta Warrior Fragments Based on Fracture Surface Information"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Wenmin","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"College of Railway Transportation, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3560-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengjun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingquan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Virtual Reality and Applications, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100091, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Preservation and Virtual Reality for Cultural Heritage, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4086","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2962791","article-title":"Classification of 3D Terracotta Warrior Fragments Based on Deep Learning and Template Guidance","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2018.03.001","article-title":"A multi feature fusion method for reassembly of 3D cultural heritage artifacts","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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