{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:16:32Z","timestamp":1760235392879,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gradual institutionalization of public participation increasingly compels local authorities to partially share their power over the transformation of urban areas. The smooth running of a participatory session is based on selecting the appropriate type of interaction, or medium, which supports the local authorities to reach and interact with a targeted public. However, local authorities often appear unfamiliar with the organization of interactive sessions with the population. This article introduces an evaluation framework that focuses on the access conditions of participants to the sessions of interaction. This novel perspective aspires to assist the local authorities in their decision to adopt a participatory medium (or method of interaction). Seven dimensions are investigated to this aim, namely accessibility, availability, adequacy, affordability, acceptability, awareness, and attractiveness (the last dimension is introduced in this article). In light of two real case scenarios that occurred in Western Switzerland, the use of the access framework is investigated for two potential purposes: (1) supporting the choice of a medium for an interactive session according to the urban project\u2019s context and the targeted public; and (2) improving future participatory approaches by assessing the representativeness of participants attending a past session in comparison to the originally targeted public.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10080563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T04:13:54Z","timestamp":1629346434000},"page":"563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of Digital and Non-Digital Urban Participatory Approaches on Public Access Conditions: An Evaluation Framework"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1295-4373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thibaud","family":"Chassin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LaSIG), EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Territorial Engineering (InsIT), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HEIG-VD), 1401 Yverdon-Les-Bains, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9196-7206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adeline","family":"Cherqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Territorial Engineering (InsIT), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HEIG-VD), 1401 Yverdon-Les-Bains, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3330-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Ingensand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Territorial Engineering (InsIT), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HEIG-VD), 1401 Yverdon-Les-Bains, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Joerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Territorial Engineering (InsIT), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HEIG-VD), 1401 Yverdon-Les-Bains, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3917\/soco.074.0097","article-title":"La d\u00e9mocratie participative en repr\u00e9sentation","volume":"74","author":"Blatrix","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Contemp."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2015.09.003","article-title":"Institutional and technological determinants of civil e-Participation: Solo or duet?","volume":"32","author":"Jho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gov. Inf. Q."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/01944366908977225","article-title":"A Ladder Of Citizen Participation","volume":"35","author":"Arnstein","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Am. Inst. Plan."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Torre, A., and Beuret, J.E. (2012). Proximit\u00e9s Territoriales, Economica."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hrivn\u00e1k, M., Moritz, P., Melichov\u00e1, K., Roh\u00e1\u010dikov\u00e1, O., and Pospi\u0161ov\u00e1, L. (2021). Designing the Participation on Local Development Planning: From Literature Review to Adaptive Framework for Practice. Societies, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/soc11010019"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1080\/1464935042000293170","article-title":"Reframing public participation: Strategies for the 21st century","volume":"5","author":"Innes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plan. Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/02697450601173371","article-title":"Achieving successful participation in the new UK spatial planning system","volume":"22","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plan. Pract. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2020.102921","article-title":"Analysis of citizens\u2019 motivation and participation intention in urban planning","volume":"106","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.12361","article-title":"Putting the Public Back into Governance: The Challenges of Citizen Participation and Its Future","volume":"75","author":"Fung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Adm. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3917\/rai.031.0115","article-title":"Du savoir d\u2019usage au m\u00e9tier de citoyen ?","volume":"31","author":"Sintomer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Raisons Polit."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1080\/089419201753242779","article-title":"Choosing Public Participation Methods for Natural Resources: A Context-Specific Guide","volume":"14","author":"Rick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soc. Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbar, A., Flacke, J., Martinez, J., and van Maarseveen, M.F. (2020). Spatial Knowledge: A Potential to Enhance Public Participation?. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12125025"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Baeckelandt, S. (2020, January 25\u201327). L\u2019imp\u00e9ratif d\u00e9lib\u00e9ratif, une reconfiguration des modalit\u00e9s de n\u00e9gociation entre pouvoir et soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile organis\u00e9e?. Proceedings of the Actes des Sixi\u00e8mes Journ\u00e9es Doctorales Sur la Participation et la D\u00e9mocratie Participative-GIS D\u00e9mocratie et Participation, La Rochelle, France."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Obama, B. (2021, August 17). Remarks of the President in Welcoming Senior Staff and Cabinet Secretaries to the White House, Available online: https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/the-press-office\/remarks-president-welcoming-senior-staff-and-cabinet-secretaries-white-house."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1051\/nss\/2014037","article-title":"Dossier \u00abTerritoires en transition environnementale\u00bb\u2013Vers une d\u00e9finition ascendante de l\u2019acceptabilit\u00e9 sociale: Les dynamiques territoriales face aux projets \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques au Qu\u00e9bec","volume":"22","author":"Fortin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Soc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dech\u00e9zelles, S., and Olive, M. (2016). Introduction: Lieux familiers, lieux disput\u00e9s\u2013dynamiques des mobilisations localis\u00e9es. Norois. Environnement, Am\u00e9nagement, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Presses Universitaires de Rennes.","DOI":"10.4000\/norois.5843"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Saucier, C., C\u00f4t\u00e9, G., Feurtey, \u00c9., Fortin, M.J., Jean, B., Lafontaine, D., Guillemette, M., M\u00e9thot, J.F., and Wilson, J. (2009). D\u00e9veloppement Territorial et Fili\u00e8re \u00c9olienne. Des installations \u00c9oliennes Socialement Acceptables: \u00c9laboration d\u2019un Mod\u00e8le D\u2019\u00e9valuation des Projets Dans une Perspective de D\u00e9veloppement Territorial Durable, Unit\u00e9 de recherche sur le d\u00e9veloppement territorial durable et la fili\u00e8re \u00e9olienne, rattach\u00e9e au Centre de recherche sur le d\u00e9veloppement territorial (CRDT), Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Rimouski."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4000\/norois.5846","article-title":"L\u2019attachement au lieu, vecteur de mobilisation collective?","volume":"238\u2013239","author":"Sebastien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Norois"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Dech\u00e9zelles, S. (2015). Au-del\u00e0 du Nimby: Registres de justification et \u00e9conomie des mobilisations contre des projets de parcs \u00e9oliens. \u00c9tudes de cas audois et ari\u00e9geois. J. Int. Sociol. L\u2019\u00e9nergie, Available online: http:\/\/www.socio-energie2015.fr\/?page_id=1816."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2006.12.001","article-title":"Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: An introduction to the concept","volume":"35","author":"Wolsink","year":"2007","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2427.2010.00956.x","article-title":"The Citizen Participation of Urban Movements in Spatial Planning: A Comparison between Vigo and Porto","volume":"35","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Urban Reg. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.13189\/cea.2017.050605","article-title":"Digital Tools as a Means to Foster Inclusive, Data-informed Urban Planning","volume":"5","author":"Hasler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Civ. Eng. Archit."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/02697459.2010.503432","article-title":"The New Generation of Public Participation: Internet-based Participation Tools","volume":"25","author":"Hollander","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plan. Pract. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/10630732.2016.1175824","article-title":"Factors Motivating Citizen Engagement in Mobile Sensing: Insights from a Survey of Non-Participants","volume":"23","author":"Leao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Urban Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/02697459.2012.661670","article-title":"Scale and Public Participation: Issues in Metropolitan Regional Planning","volume":"27","author":"Pickering","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plan. Pract. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Knight Foundation, and Rita Allen Foundation (2021, May 21). Scaling Civic Tech: Paths to a Sustainable Future. Available online: https:\/\/knightfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Scaling_Civic_Tech_final.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Civic Tech Field (2019, November 18). A Timeline of Civic Tech Tells a Data-Driven Story of the Field. Available online: https:\/\/civictech.guide\/a-timeline-of-civic-tech-tells-a-data-driven-story-of-the-field\/."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12316","article-title":"The Deliberative Politics of the Consultative Layer: Participation Hopes and Communication as Design Values of Civic Tech Founders","volume":"67","author":"Brabham","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"O\u2019Reilly, T. (2007). What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software, University Library of Munich. MPRA Paper 4578."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"OECD (2004). Promise and Problems of E-Democracy Challenges of Online Citizen Engagement: Challenges of Online Citizen Engagement, OECD Publishing."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/12265934.2019.1604250","article-title":"Urban design empowerment through ICT-based platforms in Europe","volume":"24","author":"Demir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Urban Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"52","article-title":"Digital participatory platforms for co-production in urban development","volume":"7","author":"Falco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. E-Plan. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schrock, A.R. (2019). What is Civic Tech? Defining a Practice of Technical Pluralism. The Right to the Smart City, Emerald Publishing Limited.","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-78769-139-120191009"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2046(99)00024-9","article-title":"Using visualization techniques for enhancing public participation in planning and design: Process, implementation, and evaluation","volume":"45","year":"1999","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/01944360008976107","article-title":"Bottom-Up GIS: A New Tool for Individual and Group Expression in Participatory Planning","volume":"66","author":"Talen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Plan. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2018.12.004","article-title":"Public participation in the Geoweb era: Defining a typology for geo-participation in local governments","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.29379\/jedem.v6i1.283","article-title":"Georeferenced Open Data and Augmented Interactive Geo-Visualizations as Catalysts for Citizen Engagement","volume":"6","author":"Fechner","year":"2014","journal-title":"JeDEM eJournal eDemocracy Open Gov."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1068\/b2748t","article-title":"Argumentation Maps: GIS-Based Discussion Support for On-Line Planning","volume":"28","author":"Rinner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B Plan. Des."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e1nek, J. (2018). Emotional Maps: Participatory Crowdsourcing of Citizens\u00b4 Perceptions of Their Urban Environment. Cartogr. Perspect., 17\u201329.","DOI":"10.14714\/CP91.1419"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"127","article-title":"Selected modern methods and tools for public participation in urban planning\u2014A review","volume":"37","author":"Haklay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quaest. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"177","article-title":"Geo-questionnaire: A spatially explicit method for eliciting public preferences, behavioural patterns, and local knowledge\u2014An overview","volume":"37","author":"Czepkiewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quaest. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2018.04.002","article-title":"Key issues and priorities in participatory mapping: Toward integration or increased specialization?","volume":"95","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2009.11.008","article-title":"An assessment of Public Participation GIS and Web 2.0 technologies in urban planning practice in Canela, Brazil","volume":"27","author":"Bugs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Dugar, S., McCallum, I., Thapa, G., See, L., Khadka, P., Budhathoki, N., Brown, S., Mechler, R., and Fritz, S. (2018). Integrated Participatory and Collaborative Risk Mapping for Enhancing Disaster Resilience. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi7020068"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pedregal, B., Laconi, C., and del Moral, L. (2020). Promoting Environmental Justice through Integrated Mapping Approaches: The Map of Water Conflicts in Andalusia (Spain). ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9020130"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacquinod, F., and Bonaccorsi, J. (2019). Studying Social Uses of 3D Geovisualizations: Lessons Learned from Action-Research Projects in the Field of Flood Mitigation Planning. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8020084"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2008.86","article-title":"An overview of 3D software visualization","volume":"15","author":"Teyseyre","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"387","article-title":"On the Usability and Usefulness of 3d (Geo)Visualizations\u2014A Focus on Virtual Reality Environments","volume":"XLI-B2","author":"Lokka","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Visualizing a Possible Future: Map Guidelines for a 3D Detailed Development Plan","volume":"4","author":"Judge","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geovisualiz. Spat. Anal."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alatalo, T., Pouke, M., Koskela, T., Hurskainen, T., Florea, C., and Ojala, T. (2017, January 5\u20137). Two real-world case studies on 3D web applications for participatory urban planning. Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on 3D Web Technology-Web3D \u201917, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.","DOI":"10.1145\/3055624.3075950"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"54","article-title":"Browser based 3D for the built environment","volume":"13","author":"Virtanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nord. J. Surv. Real Estate Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2013.866172","article-title":"A multistage collaborative 3D GIS to support public participation","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Digit. Earth"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"1030","article-title":"Doing Public Participation on the Geospatial Web","volume":"106","author":"Sieber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2019.02.019","article-title":"Does mapping improve public participation? Exploring the pros and cons of using public participation GIS in urban planning practices","volume":"186","author":"Kytta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Surowiecki, J. (2004). The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies, and Nations, Doubleday Books."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6210.2012.02678.x","article-title":"Designing Public Participation Processes","volume":"73","author":"Bryson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Adm. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9299.00352","article-title":"Constituting \u2019the public\u2019 in public participation","volume":"81","author":"Barnes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Public Adm."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/01944360308978018","article-title":"Mandating Citizen Participation in Plan Making: Six Strategic Planning Choices","volume":"69","author":"Brody","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Plan. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.08.037","article-title":"Multiple methods of public engagement: Disaggregating socio-spatial data for environmental planning in western Washington, USA","volume":"204","author":"McLain","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/we.124","article-title":"Beyond NIMBYism: Towards an integrated framework for understanding public perceptions of wind energy","volume":"8","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wind Energy"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/016224390002500101","article-title":"Public Participation Methods: A Framework for Evaluation","volume":"25","author":"Rowe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Hum. Values"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9276-12-18","article-title":"Patient-centred access to health care: Conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations","volume":"12","author":"Levesque","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Equity Health"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198102000-00001","article-title":"The concept of access: Definition and relationship to consumer satisfaction","volume":"19","author":"Penchansky","year":"1981","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/1355819615600001","article-title":"Improving access: Modifying Penchansky and Thomas\u2019s Theory of Access","volume":"21","author":"Saurman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Health Serv. Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2012.66","article-title":"Analyzing Crowd Labor and Designing Incentives for Humans in the Loop","volume":"16","author":"Tokarchuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Comput."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lotfian, M., Ingensand, J., and Brovelli, M.A. (2020). A Framework for Classifying Participant Motivation that Considers the Typology of Citizen Science Projects. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9120704"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marzouki, A., Mellouli, S., and Daniel, S. (2019, January 18\u201320). A qualitative framework for data collection and analysis in Participation processes. Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research on-dg.o 2019, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.","DOI":"10.1145\/3325112.3325227"},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"(2020, November 09). ZIMEYSAVER. Available online: https:\/\/www.ge.ch\/node\/3454."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5194\/ica-adv-1-3-2019","article-title":"Challenges in creating a 3D participatory platform for urban development","volume":"1","author":"Chassin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Cartogr. GISci. ICA"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3828\/tpr.2009.24","article-title":"The emancipatory limits of participation in planning: Equity and power in deliberative plan-making in Perth, Western Australia","volume":"81","author":"Hopkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Town Plan. Rev."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.08.102","article-title":"How to involve inhabitants in urban design planning by using digital tools? An overview on a state of the art, key challenges and promising approaches","volume":"112","author":"Georgi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"100156","article-title":"Recommendations for online elicitation of swing weights from citizens in environmental decision-making","volume":"7","author":"Aubert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oper. Res. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"247","article-title":"Digitally Supported Co-creation within Public Open Space Development Process: Experiences from the C3Places Project and Potential for Future Urban Practice","volume":"36","author":"Erjavec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plan. Pract. Res."}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/10\/8\/563\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:46:58Z","timestamp":1760165218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/10\/8\/563"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi10080563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi10080563","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2220-9964"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]}}}