{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T13:22:15Z","timestamp":1773840135514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/T50189X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/T50189X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie COFUND","award":["801215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["801215"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Short distance travel and commute being inevitable, safe route planning in pandemics for micro-mobility, i.e., cycling and walking, is extremely important for the safety of oneself and others. Hence, we propose an application-based solution using COVID-19 occurrence data and a multi-criteria route planning technique for cyclists and pedestrians. This study aims at objectively determining the routes based on various criteria on COVID-19 safety of a given route while keeping the user away from potential COVID-19 transmission spots. The vulnerable spots include places such as a hospital or medical zones, contained residential areas, and roads with a high connectivity and influx of people. The proposed algorithm returns a multi-criteria route modeled on COVID-19-modified parameters of micro-mobility and betweenness centrality considering COVID-19 avoidance as well as the shortest available safe route for user ease and shortened time of outside environment exposure. We verified our routing algorithm in a part of Delhi, India, by visualizing containment zones and medical establishments. The results with COVID-19 data analysis and route planning suggest a safer route in the context of the coronavirus outbreak as compared to normal navigation and on average route extension is within 8%\u201312%. Moreover, for further advancement and post-COVID-19 era, we discuss the need for adding open data policy and the spatial system architecture for data usage, as a part of a pandemic strategy. The study contributes new micro-mobility parameters adapted for COVID-19 and policy guidelines based on aggregated contact tracing data analysis maintaining privacy, security, and anonymity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10080571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T10:24:17Z","timestamp":1629714257000},"page":"571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Application-Based COVID-19 Micro-Mobility Solution for Safe and Smart Navigation in Pandemics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2687-2862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumit","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Robotics Program, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3382-9523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devanjan","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions TRAIN@ED Fellow, School of Law & School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH89YL, UK"},{"name":"MagIC, NOVAIMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1070-312 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30725-8","article-title":"Associations between phone mobility data and COVID-19 cases","volume":"21","author":"Gatalo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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