{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T13:17:08Z","timestamp":1781529428830,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The digital documentation of cultural relics plays an important role in archiving, protection, and management. In the field of cultural heritage, three-dimensional (3D) point cloud data is effective at expressing complex geometric structures and geometric details on the surface of cultural relics, but lacks semantic information. To elaborate the geometric information of cultural relics and add meaningful semantic information, we propose a modeling and processing method of smart point clouds of cultural relics with complex geometries. An information modeling framework for complex geometric cultural relics was designed based on the concept of smart point clouds, in which 3D point cloud data are organized through the time dimension and different spatial scales indicating different geometric details. The proposed model allows smart point clouds or a subset to be linked with semantic information or related documents. As such, this novel information modeling framework can be used to describe rich semantic information and high-level details of geometry. The proposed information model not only expresses the complex geometric structure of the cultural relics and the geometric details on the surface, but also has rich semantic information, and can even be associated with documents. A case study of the Dazu Thousand-Hand Bodhisattva Statue, which is characterized by a variety of complex geometries, reveals that our proposed framework is capable of modeling and processing the statue with excellent applicability and expansibility. This work provides insights into the sustainable development of cultural heritage protection globally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10090617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T21:38:12Z","timestamp":1631828292000},"page":"617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Modeling and Processing of Smart Point Clouds of Cultural Relics with Complex Geometries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2298-3960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0942-629X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miaole","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics and Urban Information, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Shaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8244-5681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songnian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2007.06.003","article-title":"Documentation of cultural heritage using digital photogrammetry and laser scanning","volume":"8","author":"Yastikli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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