{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T05:13:01Z","timestamp":1781932381856,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFC1520800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1520800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Beijing Educational Committee","award":["KM202110016005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM202110016005"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005024","name":"Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21009920004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21009920004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003213","name":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KZ202110016021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KZ202110016021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003213","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Young Beijing Scholars Project","award":["04147521504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04147521504"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Ming and Qing Dynasty type of official-style architecture roof can provide plenty of prior knowledge relating to the structure and size of these works of architecture, and plays an important role in the fields of 3D modeling, semantic recognition and culture inheriting. In this paper, we take the 3D point cloud as the data source, and an automatic classification method for the roof type of Ming and Qing Dynasty official-style architecture based on the hierarchical semantic network is illustrated. To classify the roofs into the correct categories, the characteristics of different roof types are analyzed and features including SoRs, DfFtR, DoPP and NoREs are first selected; subsequently, the corresponding feature extraction methods are proposed; thirdly, aiming at the structure of the ridges, a matching graph relying on the attributed relational graph of the ridges is given; based on the former work, a hierarchical semantic network is proposed and the thresholds are determined with the help of the construction rules of the Ming and Qing Dynasty official-style architecture. In order to fully verify the efficiency of our proposed method, various types of Ming and Qing Dynasty official-style architecture roof are identified, and the experimental results show that all structures are classified correctly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10100650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T10:39:20Z","timestamp":1632739160000},"page":"650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Ming and Qing Dynasty Official-Style Architecture Roof Types Classification Based on the 3D Point Cloud"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4717-5452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youqiang","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0942-629X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miaole","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Cultural Symbols in Chinese Architecture","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archit. 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