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Users are challenged to interpret a map rapidly in emergencies, with limited visual information-processing resources and under time pressure. Therefore, cartographic techniques are required to facilitate their map cognition. In this study, we analyzed the exogenous and endogenous disruptions that users needed to overcome when they were reading maps. The analysis results suggested that cartographers\u2019 taking the stressors into consideration could promote the cognitive fit between cartographers and users, improving map cognition and spatial information supply\u2013demand matching. This paper also elaborates the course of map visual information processing and related graphic variables to visual attention attributes. To improve the users\u2019 map cognition in time-critical emergency situations, crisis map design principles and a methodology were proposed. We developed three fire emergency rescue road maps and performed two evaluations to verify the effectiveness of the principles. Our experiments showed that the principles could effectively facilitate the users\u2019 rapid map perception and proper understanding, by reducing their cognitive load, and could improve the quality of the crisis maps to some extent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10100692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T09:10:49Z","timestamp":1634202649000},"page":"692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Crisis Map Design Considering Map Cognition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dingkai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yikun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gartner, G., and Rehrl, K. 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