{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:08:26Z","timestamp":1761491306352,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFA0606901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0606901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019NTST01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019NTST01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Social media has been a vital channel for communicating and broadcasting disaster-related information. However, the global spatiotemporal patterns of social media users\u2019 activities, interactions, and connections after a natural disaster remain unclear. Hence, we integrated geocoding, geovisualization, and complex network methods to illustrate and analyze the online social network\u2019s spatiotemporal evolution. Taking the super typhoon Haiyan as a case, we constructed a retweeting network and mapped this network according to the tweets\u2019 location information. The results show that (1) the distribution of in-degree and out-degree follow power-law and retweeting networks are scale-free. (2) A local catastrophe could attract significant global interest but with strong geographical heterogeneity. The super typhoon Haiyan especially attracted attention from the United States, Europe, and Australia, in which users are more active in posting and forwarding disaster-related tweets than other regions (except the Philippines). (3) The users\u2019 interactions and connections are also significantly different between countries and regions. Connections and interactions between the Philippines and the United States, Europe, and Australia were much closer than in other regions. Therefore, the agencies and platforms should also pay attention to other countries and regions outside the disaster area to provide more valuable information for the local people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10110744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T22:17:23Z","timestamp":1635891443000},"page":"744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Online Social Network after a Natural Disaster"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9126-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Center for Geodata and Analysis, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4619-0834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junwang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Center for Geodata and Analysis, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Changxiu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Center for Geodata and Analysis, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Center for Geodata and Analysis, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1276-3112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Murzintcev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1714-779X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peichao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Center for Geodata and Analysis, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.12.053","article-title":"Does personal social media usage affect efficiency and well-being?","volume":"46","author":"Brooks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. 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