{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:31:39Z","timestamp":1760524299604,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NO. 41401436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO. 41401436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NO. 202300410345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO. 202300410345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous VideoGIS integration methods mostly used geographic homography mapping. However, the related processing techniques were mainly for independent cameras and the software architecture was C\/S, resulting in large deviations in geographic video mapping for small scenes, a lack of multi-camera video fusion, and difficulty in accessing real-time information with WebGIS. Therefore, we propose real-time web map construction based on the object height and camera posture (RTWM-HP for short). We first consider the constraint of having a similar height for each object by constructing an auxiliary plane and establishing a high-precision homography matrix (HP-HM) between the plane and the map; thus, the accuracy of geographic video mapping can be improved. Then, we map the objects in the multi-camera video with overlapping areas to geographic space and perform the object selection with the multi-camera (OS-CDD) algorithm, which includes the confidence of the object, the distance, and the angle between the objects and the center of the cameras. Further, we use the WebSocket technology to design a hybrid C\/S and B\/S software framework that is suitable for WebGIS integration. Experiments were carried out based on multi-camera videos and high-precision geospatial data in an office and a parking lot. The case study\u2019s results show the following: (1) The HP-HM method can achieve the high-precision geographic mapping of objects (such as human heads and cars) with multiple cameras; (2) the OS-CDD algorithm can optimize and adjust the positions of the objects in the overlapping area and achieve a better map visualization effect; (3) RTWM-HP can publish real-time maps of objects with multiple cameras, which can be browsed in real time through point layers and hot-spot layers through WebGIS. The methods can be applied to some fields, such as person or car supervision and the flow analysis of customers or traffic passengers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10120803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T23:22:28Z","timestamp":1638314548000},"page":"803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Real-Time Web Map Construction Based on Multiple Cameras and GIS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xingguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingdi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1080\/13658811003792213","article-title":"GIS-augmented video surveillance","volume":"24","author":"Milosavljevic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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