{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T14:30:58Z","timestamp":1764858658946,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,12]],"date-time":"2012-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1347408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Brazil, plantations of exotic species such as Eucalyptus have expanded substantially in recent years, due in large part to the great demand for cellulose and wood. The combination of the steep slopes in some of these regions, such as the municipalities located close to the Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira, and the soil exposure that occurs in some stages in the Eucalyptus cultivation cycle, can cause landslides. The use of a geographic information system (GIS) assists with the identification of areas that are susceptible to landslides, and one of the GIS tools used is the spatial inference technique. In this work, the landslide susceptibility of areas occupied by Eucalyptus plantations in different stages of development in municipalities in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo was examined. Eight thematic maps were used, and, the fuzzy gamma technique was used for data integration and the generation of susceptibility maps, in which scenarios were created with different gamma values for the dry and rainy seasons. The results for areas planted with Eucalyptus were compared with those obtained for other land uses and covers. In the moderate and high susceptibility classes, the pasture is the land use type that presented the greatest susceptibility, followed by new Eucalyptus plantations and urban areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi1020209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,12]],"date-time":"2012-09-12T12:11:41Z","timestamp":1347451901000},"page":"209-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Changes in Vegetation Cover in Reforested Areas in the State of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil and the Implication for Landslide Processes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Canavesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Earth System Science (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos-SP, 12227-010, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Regina C\u00e9lia dos Santos","family":"Alval\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Disasters Monitoring Center (CEMADEN), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), Cachoeira Paulista-SP, 12630-000, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira dos Produtores de Florestas Plantadas. Available online:www.abraflor.org.br\/estatisticas.asp."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"Resgatando a \u201cFisiologia da Paisagem\u201d","volume":"14","author":"Conti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Revista do Departamento de Geografia da USP"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Gramani, M.F. (2001). Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o Geol\u00f3gica-Geot\u00e9cnica das Corridas de Detritos (\u201cDebris Flows\u201d) no Brasil e Compara\u00e7\u00e3o com Alguns Casos Internacionais. [Master Thesis, Escola Polit\u00e9cnica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo]."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Rossetti, L.A.F.G., Pinto, S.A.F., and Almeida, C.M. (2007, January 21\u201326). Geotecnologias Aplicadas \u00e0 caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o das Altera\u00e7\u00f5es da Cobertura Vegetal Intraurbana e da Expans\u00e3o Urbana da Cidade de Rio Claro, S\u00e3o Paulo. Proceedings of the 13 Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Florian\u00f3polis, Brazil."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Guerra, A.J.T., and Cunha, E.S.B. (1996). Geomorfologia e Meio Ambiente, Bertrand Brasil. [2nd]."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7952(01)00093-X","article-title":"Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview","volume":"64","author":"Dai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Guerra, A.J.T., and Cunha, S.B. (2003). Geomorfologia e Meio Ambiente, Bertrand Brazil. [4th]."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyck, W.J., Cole, D.W., and Comerford, N.B. (1994). Impacts of Forest Harvesting on Long-Term Site Productivity, Chapman & Hall.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1270-3"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"697","article-title":"Landslide mapping techniques and their use in the assessment of the landslide hazard","volume":"26","author":"Parise","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Earth"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Carrara, A., Guzzetti, F., Cardinali, M., and Reichenbach, P. (1998, January 4\u20139). Current Limitations in Modeling Landslide Hazard. Proceedings of the International Association for Mathematical Geology IAMG\u201998, Ischia, Italy."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"9","article-title":"Comparing heuristic landslide hazard assessment techniques using GIS in the Tirajana basin, Gran Canaria Island, Spain","volume":"2","author":"Barredo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-555X(02)00079-X","article-title":"A procedure for landslide susceptibility zonation by the conditional analysis method","volume":"48","author":"Clerici","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.545","article-title":"Geomorphological and historical data in assessing landslide hazard","volume":"28","author":"Carrara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2006.03.004","article-title":"A comparative study of conventional, ANN black box, Fuzzy and combined neural and Fuzzy weighting procedures for landslide susceptibility zonation in Darjeeling Himalayas","volume":"85","author":"Kanungo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-003-0006-9","article-title":"Landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS-based weighted linear combination, the case in Tsugawa area of Agano River, Niigata Prefecture, Japan","volume":"1","author":"Ayalew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s100640050066","article-title":"Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives","volume":"58","author":"Aleotti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2004.06.001","article-title":"Use of Fuzzy relations to produce landslide susceptibility map of a landslide prone area (West Black Sea Region, Turkey)","volume":"75","author":"Ercanoglu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Guidicini, G., and Nieble, C.M. (1984). Estabilidade de Taludes Naturais e de Escava\u00e7\u00e3o, Edgard Bl\u00fccher. [2nd]."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz, V., Almeida, C.M., Valeriano, M.M., Crepani, E., and Medeiros, J.S. (2006, January 24\u201329). T\u00e9cnicas de Infer\u00eancia Espacial na Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de Unidades de Susceptibilidade aos Movimentos de Massa na Regi\u00e3o de S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Proceedings of the 12 Simposio Internacional en Percepci\u00f3n Remota y Sistemas de Informaci\u00f3n Geogr\u00e1fica (SELPER), Cartagena de Indias, Col\u00f4mbia."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2006.05.001","article-title":"Assessment of failure susceptibility of soil slopes using Fuzzy logic","volume":"86","author":"Saboya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"399","article-title":"Landslides susceptibility mapping in Guizhou province based on Fuzzy theory","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Min. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2010.04.004","article-title":"A GIS-based neuro-Fuzzy procedure for integrating knowledge and data in landslide susceptibility mapping","volume":"36","author":"Vahidnia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0097-8493(96)00008-8","article-title":"SPRING: Integrating remote sensing and GIS by object-oriented data modeling","volume":"20","author":"Camara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comput. Graph."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Pon\u00e7ano, W.L., Carneiro, C.D.R., Bistrichi, C.A., Almeida, F.F.M., and Prandini, F.L. (1981). Mapa Geomorfol\u00f3gico do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, IPT. Scale 1:1,000,000."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Oliveira, J.B., Camargo, M.N., Rossi, M., and Calderano Filho, B. (1999). Mapa pedol\u00f3gico do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo: Legenda expandida, Instituto Agron\u00f4mico\/EMBRAPA Solos. Scale 1:500,000."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Valeriano, M.M. Available online:http:\/\/mtc-m18.sid.inpe.br\/col\/sid.inpe.br\/mtc-m18@80\/2008\/07.11.19.24\/doc\/publicacao.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(Normais Climatol\u00f3gicas do Brasil 1961\u20131990, 2009). Normais Climatol\u00f3gicas do Brasil 1961\u20131990, (DVD)."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Image Generation Division, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. Available online:http:\/\/www.dgi.inpe.br\/CDSR\/."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Kronka, F.J.N., Nalon, M.A., and Matsukuma, C.K. (2002). Invent\u00e1rio Florestal das \u00c1reas Reflorestadas do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Florestal."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Vieira, R.M.S.P., Alval\u00e1, R.C.S., Ponzoni, F.J., Ferraz-Neto, S., and Canavesi, V. Available online:http:\/\/urlib.net\/sid.inpe.br\/mtc-m19@80\/2010\/01.22.12.32."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Crepani, E., Medeiros, J.S., Hernadez Filho, P., Florenzano, T.G., Duarte, V., and Barbosa, C.C.F. Available online:http:\/\/www.lapa.ufscar.br\/bdgaam\/geoprocessamento\/Crepani%20et.%20al.pdf."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"17","article-title":"Geoprocessamento de modelos digitais de eleva\u00e7\u00e3o para mapeamento da curvatura horizontal em microbacias","volume":"1","author":"Valeriano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Geomorfologia"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Binda, A.L., and Bertotti, L.G. (2007, January 9\u201313). Geoprocessamento Aplicado \u00e0 An\u00e1lise da Bacia Hidrogr\u00e1fica do Rio Cachoeirinha, Guarapuava-PR. Proceedings of the 12 Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Geoigrafia F\u00edsica Aplicada, Natal, Brazil."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.22409\/GEOgraphia2002.v4i8.a13434","article-title":"Import\u00e2ncia do estudo das vertentes","volume":"4","author":"Veloso","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geographia"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Inf. Control"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Burrough, P.A., and McDonnell, R.A. (1998). Principles of Geographical Information Systems, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Bonham-Carter, G.F. (1994). Geographic Information Systems for Geoscientists: Modelling with GIS, Pergamon."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-006-0491-y","article-title":"Application and veri\ufb01cation of fuzzy algebraic operators to landslide susceptibility mapping","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Geol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12518-009-0001-5","article-title":"Use of geospatial data and fuzzy algebraic operators to landslide-hazard mapping","volume":"1","author":"Pradhan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Geomat."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s12524-010-0020-z","article-title":"Landslide susceptibility mapping of a catchment area using frequency ratio, fuzzy logic and multivariate logistic regression approaches","volume":"38","author":"Pradhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Meirelles, M.S.P., Camara, G., and Almeida, C.M. (2007). Geom\u00e1tica: Modelos E Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es Ambientais, Embrapa Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnol\u00f3gica."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3406\/medit.1997.2993","article-title":"Convertion of matorral land to Pinnus forest: Some hidrological and erosional impacts","volume":"12","author":"Ternan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mediterran\u00e9e"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"WO3433","DOI":"10.1029\/2005WR004807","article-title":"Effects of forest cover, topography, and sampling extent on the measured density of shallow, translational landslides","volume":"43","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"O\u2019Loughlin, C.L. (1984, January 7\u201311). Effectiveness of Introduced Forest Vegetation for Protection against Landslides and Erosion in New Zealand\u2019s Steeplands. Proceedings of the Symposium on Effects of Forest Land Use on Erosion and Slope Stability, Honolulu, HI, USA."}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/1\/2\/209\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:52:18Z","timestamp":1760219538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/1\/2\/209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi1020209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi1020209","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2220-9964"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,12]]}}}