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By comparing with the currently installed lights following the rule of thumb, the mathematical models in this research achieve the effect of saving electric energy while meeting residents\u2019 traffic safety needs and living conditions. Furthermore, the models can provide greater coverage of illumination using the same amount of energy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11020115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:36:47Z","timestamp":1644179807000},"page":"115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimizing the Spatial Location of Street Lights in Belle Isle, Michigan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5004-9975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John B. and Lillian E. Neff College of Business and Innovation, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metro Engineering Solutions, Corby Energy Services, Livonia, MI 48150, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7367-4714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiyue","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Marketing Department, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yihe","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Planning, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2046(96)00311-8","article-title":"The influence of street lighting improvements on crime, fear and pedestrian street use, after dark","volume":"35","author":"Painter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Landsc. 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