{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T08:50:15Z","timestamp":1775638215849,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article researchers examined the differences that may characterise selected groups of gamers with regard to age and time spent on playing a survival game, Valheim, confronted with their interpretation of map symbols used in the game. The Valheim video game, which was released in early 2021, is a survival game set in a gameplay world inspired by Norse mythology. The authors of the article noted that the age factor and gaming experience may have different results in terms of the interpretation of cartographic products. The obtained data came from an online questionnaire. In the statistical analysis the authors employed the Pearson\u2019s chi-squared test and the Benjamini\u2013Hochberg procedure to find statistically significant differences between selected groups of respondents and their subjective interpretation of map symbols. Statistical analysis showed several differences and interesting relationships in the interpretation of symbols in relation to the age of the players and in the interpretation of symbols in relation to the time spent in the game. For future research, it is worth continuing towards researching new video games with existing cartographic products in order to investigate how games and players influence the culture in which they participate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11020150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T20:47:45Z","timestamp":1645476465000},"page":"150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Interpretation of Map Symbols in the Context of Gamers\u2019 Age and Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9681-6762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tymoteusz","family":"Horbi\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cartography and Geomatics, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9374-1873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Zagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cartography and Geomatics, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-8198.2011.00427.x","article-title":"Cultural Geography and Videogames","volume":"5","author":"Ash","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geogr. Compass"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"208","article-title":"Spatial Design and Placemaking: Learning from Video Games","volume":"21","author":"Duarte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Space Cult."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Wolf, M. (2021). 3 Space in the Video Game. The Medium of the Video Game, University of Texas Press."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"137","article-title":"Maps in video games\u2014Range of applications","volume":"47","author":"Gotlib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pol. Cartogr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"43","article-title":"Making Maps Available for Play","volume":"26","author":"Toups","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johanson, C., Gutwin, C., and Mandryk, R.L. (2017, January 15\u201318). The Effects of Navigation Assistance on Spatial Learning and Performance in a 3D Game. Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (CHI PLAY \u201817). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3116595.3116602"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2018.01.003","article-title":"An empirical comparison of first-person shooter information displays: HUDs, diegetic displays, and spatial representations","volume":"26","author":"Peacocke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Entertain. Comput."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2015.11.001","article-title":"Influence of head-up displays\u2019 characteristics on user experience in video games","volume":"87","author":"Caroux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Garfield, S. (2012). On the Map: Why the World Looks the Way It Does, Profile Books."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nijholt, A. (2017). Mapping the beach beneath the street: Digital cartography for the playable city. Playable Cities. The City as Digital Playground, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-1962-3"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"168","article-title":"The Impact of 1980s and 1990s Video Games on Multimedia Ca;rtography","volume":"52","author":"Edler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cartogr. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Geovis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s42489-020-00044-1","article-title":"Where Spatial Visualization Meets Landscape Research and \u201cPinballology\u201d: Examples of Landscape Construction in Pinball Games","volume":"70","author":"Edler","year":"2020","journal-title":"KN-J. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2018.1501106","article-title":"Geovisualization with immersive virtual environments in theory and practice","volume":"12","author":"Hruby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Digit. Earth"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"133","article-title":"Preserving the Knowledge of the Past Through Virtual Visits: From 3D Laser Scanning to Virtual Reality Visualisation at the Istanbul \u00c7atalca \u0130nce\u011fiz Caves","volume":"88","author":"Kan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PFG\u2013J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Geoinf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"165","article-title":"Augmented Reality (AR) and Spatial Cognition: Effects of Holographic Grids on Distance Estimation and Location Memory in a 3D Indoor Scenario","volume":"88","author":"Keil","year":"2020","journal-title":"PFG\u2013J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Geoinf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walmsley, A.P., and Kersten, T.P. (2020). The Imperial Cathedral in K\u00f6nigslutter (Germany) as an Immersive Experience in Virtual Reality with Integrated 360\u00b0 Panoramic Photography. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10041517"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zagata, K., Gulij, J., Halik, \u0141., and Medy\u0144ska-Gulij, B. (2021). Mini-Map for Gamers Who Walk and Teleport in a Virtual Stronghold. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10020096"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1080\/15230406.2019.1702102","article-title":"Spatial distance and cartographic background complexity in graduated point symbol map-reading task","volume":"47","author":"Cybulski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1179\/1743277413Y.0000000058","article-title":"Eye-tracking Study on Different Perception of 2D and 3D Terrain Visualisation","volume":"50","author":"Popelka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cartogr. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1080\/15230406.2016.1230520","article-title":"Geo-questionnaires in urban planning: Recruitment methods, participant engagement, and data quality","volume":"44","author":"Czepkiewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s13673-017-0090-9","article-title":"Citizen science for pedestrian cartography: Collection and moderation of walkable routes in cities through mobile gamification","volume":"7","author":"Kapenekakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1559\/152304001782173998","article-title":"Cognitive and usability issues in geovisualization","volume":"28","author":"Slocum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/cag.12575","article-title":"Feminist cartography and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal on gender equality: Emotional responses to three thematic maps","volume":"64","author":"Pirani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. Geogr. G\u00e9ographe Can."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/15230406.2014.991427","article-title":"How user-friendly are online interactive maps? Survey based on experiments with heterogeneous users","volume":"42","author":"Poplin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medy\u0144ska-Gulij, B., and Zagata, K. (2020). Experts and Gamers on Immersion into Reconstructed Strongholds. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9110655"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1559\/152304009787340197","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of interactive map interface designs: A case study integrating usability metrics with eye-movement analysis","volume":"36","author":"Heil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/00087041.2019.1660513","article-title":"Breaking the Eyes: How Do Users Get Started with a Coordinated and Multiple View Geovisualization Tool?","volume":"57","author":"Golebiowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cartogr. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/00087041.2016.1253144","article-title":"The Differentiation of Point Symbols using Selected Visual Variables in the Mobile Augmented Reality System","volume":"54","author":"Halik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cartogr. J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cybulski, P. (2021). Effectiveness of Memorizing an Animated Route\u2014Comparing Satellite and Road Map Differences in the Eye-Tracking Study. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10030159"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Berg, W. (1983). Semiology of Graphics: Diagrams, Networks, Maps, Trans, University of Wisconsin Press."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.10.008","article-title":"Meaningfulness of landmark pictograms reduces visual salience and recognition performance","volume":"75","author":"Keil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Medy\u0144ska-Gulij, B. (2021). Cartography and Geomedia, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (In Polish)."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medy\u0144ska-Gulij, B., Tegeler, T., Bauer, H., Zagata, K., and Wielebski, \u0141. (2021). Filming the Historical Geography: Story from the Realm of Maps in Regensburg. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10110764"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"MacEachren, A.M. (1995). How Maps Work: Representation, Visualization and Design, Guilford Press."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2478\/v10277-012-0019-4","article-title":"The analysis of selected point-symbol visual variables of the Augmented Reality system for smartphone-type mobile devices","volume":"61","author":"Halik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geod. Cartogr."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Robinson, A.H., Morrison, J.L., Muehrecke, P.C., Kimerling, A.J., and Guptil, S.C. (1995). Elements of Cartography, Wiley. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Dent, B.D. (1999). Cartography: Thematic Map Design, McGraw-Hill. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cybulski, P., and Horbi\u0144ski, T. (2020). User experience in using graphical user interfaces of web maps. ISPRS Int. J. Geo. Inf., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9070412"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e716","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-4021","article-title":"Electronic Gaming and Psychosocial Adjustment","volume":"134","author":"Przybylski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1179-6","article-title":"Is time spent playing video games associated with mental health, cognitive and social skills in young children?","volume":"51","author":"Keyes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650210377196","article-title":"Unpacking Time Online: Connecting Internet and Massively Multiplayer Online Game Use with Psychosocial Well-Being","volume":"38","author":"Shen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Commun. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2021, February 12). Available online: https:\/\/steamcommunity.com\/games\/892970\/announcements\/detail\/3058478454611894476."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s42489-021-00085-0","article-title":"Map Symbols in Video Games: The Example of \u201cValheim\u201d","volume":"71","author":"Zagata","year":"2021","journal-title":"KN-J. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/00087041.2018.1507183","article-title":"Effectiveness of dynamic point symbols in quantitative mapping","volume":"56","author":"Cybulski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cartogr. J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1080\/00087041.2019.1631008","article-title":"Graphic Design and Button Placement for Mobile Map Applications","volume":"57","author":"Cybulski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cartogr. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01095078","article-title":"The components of chi-squared statistics for goodness-of-fit tests","volume":"38","author":"Mirvaliev","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Math. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2307\/1402731","article-title":"Karl Pearson and the Chi-Squared Test","volume":"51","author":"Plackett","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int. Stat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/bjps\/34.2.105","article-title":"The fisher\/pearson Chi-squared controversary: A turning point for inductive inference","volume":"34","author":"Baird","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br. J. Philos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2307\/3001616","article-title":"Some methods for strengthening the common chi-square tests","volume":"10","author":"Cochran","year":"1954","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3390\/info2030528","article-title":"Pearson-Fisher Chi-Square Statistic Revisited","volume":"2","author":"Pamfil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176349151","article-title":"Generalized pearson-fisher Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests, with applications to models with life history data","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1080\/03610928108828070","article-title":"Chi-square tests for multivariate normality with application to common stock prices","volume":"10","author":"Moore","year":"1981","journal-title":"Commun. Stat. Theory Methods"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-010-9165-5","article-title":"A general family of limited information goodness-of-fit statistics for multinomial data","volume":"75","author":"Joe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1972.10481318","article-title":"On the asymptotic power of tests for independence in contingency tables from stratified samples","volume":"67","author":"Nathan","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2307\/2530245","article-title":"A multiple testing procedure for clinical trials","volume":"35","author":"Fleming","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164493053004008","article-title":"Post hoc pair-wise comparisons for the Chi-square test of homogeneity of proportions","volume":"53","author":"Cox","year":"1993","journal-title":"Key Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200800158","article-title":"Omogeneity\/heterogeneity hypotheses for standardized mortality ratios based on minimum power-divergence estimators","volume":"51","author":"Pardo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biom. J."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"528","article-title":"Comments on \u2018Tests for the homogeneity of two binomial proportions in extremely unbalanced 2 \u00d7 2 contingency tables\u2019","volume":"28","author":"Tejedor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5087(84)90016-4","article-title":"Clarification of the use of Chi-square and likelihood functions in fits to histograms","volume":"221","author":"Baker","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1175\/WAF884.1","article-title":"Alternatives to the Chi-Square Test for Evaluating Rank Histograms from Ensemble Forecasts","volume":"20","author":"Elmore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Weather Forecast."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000000575","article-title":"Approximate and Asymptotic Distributions of Chi-Squared\u2013Type Mixtures with Applications","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2009.12.037","article-title":"Chi-square tests for comparing weighted histograms","volume":"614","author":"Gagunashvili","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A"},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Agresti, A. (1996). Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, John Wiley and Sons."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levin, I.P. (1999). Relating Statistics and Experimental Design, Sage Publications.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985635"},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Neyman, J., and Pearson, E.S. (1967). The Testing of Statistical Hypotheses in Relation to Probabilities a Priori, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Rosner, B. (2006). Fundamentals of Biostatistics. Chapter 10. Chi-Square Goodness of Fit, Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729380","article-title":"The \u03c72 test of goodness of fit","volume":"25","author":"Cochran","year":"1952","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Stat."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2307\/2983604","article-title":"Contingency table involving small numbers and the \u03c72 test","volume":"1","author":"Yates","year":"1934","journal-title":"Suppl. J. R. Stat. Soc."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2307\/2342435","article-title":"The logic of inductive inference","volume":"98","author":"Fisher","year":"1935","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"918","article-title":"K-sample anderson-darling tests","volume":"82","author":"Scholz","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"24","article-title":"Wykorzystanie testu chi-kwadrat w badaniach preferencji \u017cywieniowych konsument\u00f3w","volume":"1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eng. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"309","article-title":"Asking the Age Question in Mail and Online Surveys","volume":"50","author":"Healey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/15230406.2018.1479311","article-title":"Graphically supported evaluation of mapping techniques used in presenting spatial accessibility","volume":"46","author":"Wielebski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"(2021, February 12). Available online: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/189582\/age-of-us-video-game-players\/."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"(2021, February 12). Available online: https:\/\/www.isfe.eu\/data-key-facts\/key-facts-about-europe-s-video-games-sector\/."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"(2021, February 12). Available online: https:\/\/www.leagueofgraphs.com\/pl\/rankings\/game-durations."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"(2021, February 12). Available online: https:\/\/howlongtobeat.com\/game?id=87873."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"(2021, February 12). Available online: https:\/\/howlongis.io\/app\/892970\/Valheim."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medy\u0144ska-Gulij, B., Forrest, D., and Cybulski, P. (2021). Modern Cartographic Forms of Expression: The Renaissance of Multimedia Cartography. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10070484"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412009339732","article-title":"The Independent Production of Culture: A Digital Games Case Study","volume":"4","author":"Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Games Cult."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412005281911","article-title":"Why game (culture) studies now?","volume":"1","author":"Steinkuehler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Games Cult."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412009360414","article-title":"What is video game culture? Cultural studies and game studies","volume":"5","author":"Shaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Games Cult."}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/11\/2\/150\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:24:17Z","timestamp":1760135057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/11\/2\/150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi11020150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi11020150","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-9964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]}}}