{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T13:00:24Z","timestamp":1778936424550,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016306","name":"Fujian Provincial Big Data Research Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BD202005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BD202005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Research Fund of Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety","award":["BTBD-2021KF04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BTBD-2021KF04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Underground flow paths (UFP) often play an important role in the illustration of geological data by geologists, especially in illustrating geological data and revealing stratigraphic structures, which can help domain experts in their exploration of petroleum information. In this paper, we present a new immersive visualization tool to help domain experts better illustrate stratigraphic data. We use a visualization method based on bit-array-based 3-D texture to represent stratigraphic data. Our visualization tool has three major advantages: it allows for flexible interaction at the immersive device, it enables domain experts to obtain their desired UFP structure through the execution of quadratic surface queries, and supports different stratigraphic display modes, as well as switching and integration geological information flexibly. Feedback from domain experts has shown that our tool can contribute more for domain experts in the scientific exploration of stratigraphic data, compared to the existing UFP visualization tools in the field. Thus, experts in geology can have a more comprehensive understanding and more effective illustration of the structure and distribution of UFPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11030176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T20:38:16Z","timestamp":1646599096000},"page":"176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Interactive Geological Data Visualization in an Immersive Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiaojian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Electronic Information, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Electronic Information, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Electronic Information, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hansheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Electronic Information, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingjun","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Branch, Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyu","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Electronic Information, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Data-Intensive Computing, School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratoryof Intelligent Computing and Information Processing, School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvlc.2018.07.004","article-title":"Interactive Stratigraphic Structure Visualization for Seismic Data","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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