{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T13:17:02Z","timestamp":1781529422505,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation (21009920004)","award":["Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation (21009920004)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation (21009920004)"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KZ202110016021)","award":["Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KZ202110016021)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KZ202110016021)"]}]},{"name":"Young Beijing Scholars Project (04147521504)","award":["Young Beijing Scholars Project (04147521504)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Young Beijing Scholars Project (04147521504)"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1520800);","award":["National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1520800);"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1520800);"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Beijing Educational Committee (KM202110016005)","award":["Scientific Research Project of Beijing Educational Committee (KM202110016005)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Scientific Research Project of Beijing Educational Committee (KM202110016005)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Point cloud semantic segmentation has played an important role in the scan-to-BIM process of the Ming and Qing Dynasties\u2019 official-style architecture roof. To overcome the complexity of roof components\u2019 shape and the scale differences between different roof component types, a point cloud semantic segmentation method for the MQDOAs roof considering the construction regulations is proposed in this paper. This method is composed of two stages. In the first stage, the features from the construction rules of MQDOAs, including the normalized symmetrical distance (NSD), relative height (RH) and local height difference (LHD), are extracted alongside the regular geometric features. To lower the influence of scale differences, a multi-scale feature connection strategy is also applied to construct the feature classification vector. In the second stage, RF method is applied to classify the point cloud. To verify the efficiency of the proposed method, we took the Hall of Complete Harmony as the study case. The experiments showed that our method achieved segmentation result in overall classification accuracy and reached 96.8%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11040214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T14:55:35Z","timestamp":1647960935000},"page":"214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Method for the Ming and Qing Dynasties\u2019 Official-Style Architecture Roof Considering the Construction Regulations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Youqiang","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0942-629X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miaole","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Cultural Symbols in Chinese Architecture","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archit. 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