{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T20:47:54Z","timestamp":1781729274371,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021JJ31156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ31156"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["19A5214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19A5214"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Education Department of China","award":["2021JJ31156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ31156"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Education Department of China","award":["19A5214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19A5214"]}]},{"name":"Key Disciplines of State Forestry Administration of China","award":["2021JJ31156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ31156"]}]},{"name":"Key Disciplines of State Forestry Administration of China","award":["19A5214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19A5214"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Province \u201cDouble First-Class\u201d Cultivation discipline of China","award":["2021JJ31156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ31156"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Province \u201cDouble First-Class\u201d Cultivation discipline of China","award":["19A5214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19A5214"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The division of the territorial space functional area is the primary method to study the rational exploitation and use of land space. The research on the Production\u2013Living\u2013Ecological Space (PLES) change and its motivating factors has major implications for managing and optimizing spatial planning and may open up a new research direction for inquiries into environmental change on a global scale. In this study, the transfer matrix and landscape pattern index methods were used to analyze the temporal changes as well as the evolution features of the landscape pattern of the PLES in the Chaohu Lake Basin from 2000 to 2020. Using principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis, the primary driving indicators of the spatial changes of the PLES in the Chaohu Lake Basin and the degree of the influence of various driving factors on various spatial types were determined. The study concluded with a few findings. First, from the standpoint of landscape structure, the Chaohu Lake Basin\u2019s agricultural production space (APS) makes up more than 60% of the total area, and it and urban living space (ULS) are the two most visible spatial categories. Second, the pattern of the landscape demonstrates that the area used for agricultural production holds a significant advantage within the overall structure of the landscape. Although there is less connectedness between different landscape types, less landscape dominance, and more landscape fragmentation, the structure of different landscape types tends to be more varied. Third, the findings of the driving analysis demonstrate that the natural climate, population structure of agricultural development, and industrial structure of economic development are the three driving indicators of the change of the PLES. Finally, in order to promote the formation of a territorial space development pattern with intensive and efficient production space, appropriate living space, and beautiful ecological space, it is proposed to carry out land regulation according to natural factors, economic development, national policies, and other actual conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11080447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T21:15:05Z","timestamp":1660252505000},"page":"447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Characterizing Production\u2013Living\u2013Ecological Space Evolution and Its Driving Factors: A Case Study of the Chaohu Lake Basin in China from 2000 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ruyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8244-5681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songnian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baojing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2018.04.011","article-title":"Land-use changes and land policies evolution in China\u2019s urbanization processes","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6692333","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6692333","article-title":"Analysis of Land Use Changes and Driving Forces in the Yanhe River Basin from 1980 to 2015","volume":"2021","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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