{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T20:05:44Z","timestamp":1760731544835,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon","award":["ANR-10-LABX-0088","ANR-11-IDEX-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-0088","ANR-11-IDEX-0007"]}]},{"name":"French National Research Agency (ANR)","award":["ANR-10-LABX-0088","ANR-11-IDEX-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-0088","ANR-11-IDEX-0007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methods and tools for assessing the visual impact of objects such as high-rises are rarely used in planning, despite the increase in opportunities to develop automated visual assessments, now that 3D urban data are acquired and used by municipalities as well as made available through open data portals. This paper presents a new method for assessing city visibility using a 3D model on a metropolitan scale. This method measures the view composition in terms of city objects visible from a given viewpoint and produces a georeferenced and semantically rich database of those visible objects in order to propose a thematic vision of the city and its urban landscape. As far as computational efficiency is concerned and considering the large amount of data needed, the method relies on a dedicated system of automatic data organization for analyzing visibility over vast areas (hundreds of square kilometers), offering various possibilities for uses on different scales. In terms of operational uses, as shown in our paper, the various results produced by the method (quantitative data, georeferenced databases and 3D schematic images) allow for a wide spectrum of applications in urban planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11090479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T22:53:46Z","timestamp":1663023226000},"page":"479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploring Landscape Composition Using 2D and 3D Open Urban Vectorial Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Pedrinis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Universit\u00e9 Lumiere Lyon 2, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"LIRIS UMR-CNRS 5205, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, CEDEX, 69622 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8721-7007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIRIS UMR-CNRS 5205, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, CEDEX, 69622 Villeurbanne, France"},{"name":"CPE Lyon, CEDEX, 69616 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Appert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Universit\u00e9 Lumiere Lyon 2, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"ENSA Lyon, CEDEX, 69512 Vaulx-en-Velin, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4228-9036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florence","family":"Jacquinod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EIVP, ENSG, IGN, LASTIG, University Gustave Eiffel, 75019 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7088-1067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Gesqui\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Universit\u00e9 Lumiere Lyon 2, 69007 Lyon, France"},{"name":"LIRIS UMR-CNRS 5205, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, CEDEX, 69622 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-005-0326-y","article-title":"What\u2019s in an image? 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