{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T09:49:07Z","timestamp":1774432147531,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42071376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01122220010028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01122220010028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University","award":["42071376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071376"]}]},{"name":"The Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University","award":["01122220010028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01122220010028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Assessing park accessibility plays an essential role in providing rational recreational services for residents in a city. The perceptions and comments of residents are also important nonspatial factors for accessibility. However, there are few accessibility studies that are combined with public perceptions. Addressing this deficit, this study proposes a perception-based, multi-travel mode, two-step floating catchment area (PM2SFCA) method to calculate park accessibility. First, we quantified the selection probability of residents to parks by integrating the Huff model and the people\u2019s perceptions towards parks. Next, under four travel modes (walking, biking, driving and public transport), we combined the Huff model and the two-step floating catchment area method to compute park accessibility. Furthermore, the Gini coefficient and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to illustrate the proposed method compared with the traditional E2SFCA method. Based on the above, taking the area of Beijing within the Fifth Ring Road as a study area, this paper facilitated the accessibility computation. The results indicated that the spatial distribution patterns of accessibility differed greatly under the four travel modes. Even under the same travel mode, there was an uneven accessibility distribution. Areas with high accessibility were mainly concentrated in the north, and some marginal areas also presented higher accessibility to parks. The comparative analysis results suggest that our proposed method for accessibility measurements alleviates the underestimation and overestimation of accessibility values obtained by a traditional method such as the center and edge of the study area. The research explores a new research perspective for measuring park accessibility. Furthermore, this study offers better guidance for policymakers trying to optimize park spatial distribution issues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11090488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T22:11:10Z","timestamp":1663279870000},"page":"488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["PM2SFCA: Spatial Access to Urban Parks, Based on Park Perceptions and Multi-Travel Modes. A Case Study in Beijing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shijia","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"3D Information Collection and Application Key Lab of Education Ministry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Urban Environmental Processes and Digital Simulation, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2398-2815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heping","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"3D Information Collection and Application Key Lab of Education Ministry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Urban Environmental Processes and Digital Simulation, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Disheng","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"3D Information Collection and Application Key Lab of Education Ministry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Urban Environmental Processes and Digital Simulation, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Ruihua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"3D Information Collection and Application Key Lab of Education Ministry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Urban Environmental Processes and Digital Simulation, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8339-361X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"3D Information Collection and Application Key Lab of Education Ministry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Urban Environmental Processes and Digital Simulation, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"3D Information Collection and Application Key Lab of Education Ministry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Urban Environmental Processes and Digital Simulation, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-012-9425-y","article-title":"Exploring the Distribution of Park Availability, Features, and Quality Across Kansas City, Missouri by Income and Race\/Ethnicity: An Environmental Justice Investigation","volume":"45","author":"Vaughan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. 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