{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:07:24Z","timestamp":1790363244114,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Science and Technology Major Project of Henan Province","award":["201400210900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201400210900"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Local chronicles are a kind of historical record in China that are written in detail and play an important role in the transmission of local history and culture. Due to the single-text-carrier form of local chronicles, people have limited access to information on urban characteristics and culture; therefore, based on the cultural gene theory and Hofstede model, also known as the cultural onion model, this paper develops a \u201cSpirit\u2013Sign\u201d content framework with the themes of urban characteristics and culture. Based on this framework, we map the urban characteristics and culture (visualization strategy and map design) of local chronicles. Taking the historic city of Dengfeng in the Central Plains as an example, the spatial information of the four historical city characteristics of Dengfeng was mined for the map design using the content framework of the city characteristics proposed in this study. The results of the study found that (1) there is a certain overlap in the spatial distribution of the four characteristic cultures of Dengfeng, indicating that the spiritual (traditional customs and famous people and events) and material (famous buildings and products) are complementary and mutually reinforcing to a certain extent; and (2) with the iterative development of Chinese dynasties, the material characteristic cultures of Dengfeng show strong temporal and spatial differences, which laterally reflect the changes in human activities and urban changes of each dynasty and also reflect the very important historical position occupied by Dengfeng in China. Compared with the traditional text-carrier form of local chronicles, the content construction and map visualization of the city\u2019s historical and cultural information proposed in this study can effectively explore more potential cultural characteristics, as well as spatial and temporal connections of Dengfeng and thus help people better understand the historical characteristics of the city.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11110542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T07:26:50Z","timestamp":1667114810000},"page":"542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Thematic Content and Visualization Strategy for Map Design of City-Specific Culture Based on Local Chronicles: A Case Study of Dengfeng City, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4560-7300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9992-390X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongji","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wang, F., Zhu, H., Zhang, L., Long, M., and Liao, X. 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