{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:40:31Z","timestamp":1760244031326,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["120O954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120O954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Road curve attributes can be determined by using Geographic Information System (GIS) to be used in road vehicle traffic safety and planning studies. This study involves analyzing the GIS-based estimation accuracy in the length, radius and the number of small horizontal road curves on a two-lane rural road and a forest road. The prediction success of horizontal curve attributes was investigated using digitized raw and generalized\/simplified road segments. Two different roads were examined, involving 20 test groups and two control groups, using 22 datasets obtained from digitized and surveyed roads based on satellite imagery, GIS estimates, and field measurements. Confusion matrix tables were also used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of horizontal curve geometry. F-score, Mathews Correlation Coefficient, Bookmaker Informedness and Balanced Accuracy were used to investigate the performance of test groups. The Kruskal\u2013Wallis test was used to analyze the statistical relationships between the data. Compared to the Bezier generalization algorithm, the Douglas\u2013Peucker algorithm showed the most accurate horizontal curve predictions at generalization tolerances of 0.8 m and 1 m. The results show that the generalization tolerance level contributes to the prediction accuracy of the number, curve radius, and length of the horizontal curves, which vary with the tolerance value. Thus, this study underlined the importance of calculating generalizations and tolerances following a manual road digitization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11110560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T02:07:48Z","timestamp":1668046068000},"page":"560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Automatic Prediction of Small Horizontal Curve Attributes of Mountain Roads in GIS Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3349-517X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sercan","family":"G\u00fclci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Kahramanmara\u015f Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras 46040, T\u00fcrkiye"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7864-1009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz Hulusi","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzy\u0131l University, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul 34010, T\u00fcrkiye"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6558-9029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah E.","family":"Akay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Bursa Technical University, Bursa 16310, T\u00fcrkiye"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2605-734X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ne\u015fe","family":"G\u00fclci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Kahramanmara\u015f Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras 46040, T\u00fcrkiye"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2013-040775","article-title":"WHO Launches Second Global Status Report on Road Safety","volume":"19","author":"Toroyan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inj. 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