{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:12:33Z","timestamp":1780675953478,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)","award":["RM-102733-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM-102733-19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As one of the earliest forms of remote sensing, aerial photography has been regarded as an important part of the mapmaking process. Aerial photos, especially historical aerial photos, provide significant amount of valuable information for many applications and fields. However, due to limited funding support, most historical aerial photos have not been digitized and georeferenced yet, which substantially limits their utility for today\u2019s computer-based image processing and analysis. Traditionally, historical aerial photos are georeferenced with desktop GIS software applications. However, this method is expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. To address these limitations, this research developed a custom-built online georeferencing tool to enable georeferencing digitized historical aerial photos in a web environment, which is able to georeference historical aerial photos in a rapid and cost-effective manner. To evaluate the georeferencing performance, a set of 50 historical aerial photos were georeferenced with not only the developed online georeferencing tool but also two commercial desktop software programs. Research results revealed the custom-built online georeferencing tool provided the highest degree of accuracy while maximizing its accessibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11120582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T03:15:24Z","timestamp":1669173324000},"page":"582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Georeferencing Accuracy Assessment of Historical Aerial Photos Using a Custom-Built Online Georeferencing Tool"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0396-2518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico, MSC01 1110, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"},{"name":"Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, MSC01 1110, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"},{"name":"Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, MSC01 1070, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hays A.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico, MSC01 1110, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley V.","family":"Baros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico, MSC01 1110, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R. H.","family":"Neville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico, MSC01 1110, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Talasila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico, MSC01 1110, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa L.","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico, MSC01 1110, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Jensen, J.R. (2006). Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective, Pearson. 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