{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:24:46Z","timestamp":1762079086415,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,27]],"date-time":"2022-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB0505301","42271435","41930650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0505301","42271435","41930650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB0505301","42271435","41930650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0505301","42271435","41930650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>DGGS (Discrete Global Grid System) has many subdivision models and coding methods. Due to the lack of underlying consistency of different DGGS codes, most of them are converted through longitude\u2013latitude, which greatly reduces the interoperability efficiency of different DGGS data and has become one of the bottlenecks in efficient integration of multi-source DGGS data. Therefore, a direct mapping method from one grid code to another (Grid to Grid, GtoG) for multi-type DGGSs is proposed based on three classical DGGSs (triangular, diamond and hexagonal grids) and two commonly used filling curves (Hilbert\u00a0curve and Z-curve). The mutual conversion rules of different grids expressing spatial point, line and surface data are constructed. Then, the above method is extended to the spherical icosahedral grid framework, and three different region coding mapping rule tables of the basic inside cells, boundary cells and vertex cells are designed. Finally, the experimental results show that, compared with the longitude\u2013latitude conversion method, the average conversion efficiency of spatial point, line and surface data is increased by 2\u20134 orders of magnitude. This new method greatly improves the interoperability efficiency and provides a feasible solution for the efficient integration of multi-source DGGS data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11120595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T07:01:30Z","timestamp":1669618890000},"page":"595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A GtoG Direct Coding Mapping Method for Multi-Type Global Discrete Grids Based on Space Filling Curves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yalu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4780-9723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuesheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Guangsong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing SunWise Space Tecnology Ltd., Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"given":"Fuli","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2786-8665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China"}]},{"given":"Yuanzheng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"A Hierarchical Spatial Data Structure for Global Geographic Information Systems","volume":"54","author":"Goodchild","year":"1992","journal-title":"CVGIP: Graph. 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