{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T23:35:08Z","timestamp":1780097708216,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project for Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["20YBQ024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YBQ024"]}]},{"name":"Project for Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2018TP1042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018TP1042"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Key Technologies of Digital Urban\u2013Rural Spatial Planning of Hunan Province","award":["20YBQ024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YBQ024"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Key Technologies of Digital Urban\u2013Rural Spatial Planning of Hunan Province","award":["2018TP1042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018TP1042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the rapid development of high-speed railway (HSR) transportation in China, its impact on regional spatial patterns and shaping has become increasingly significant. This study took seven urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin as the research object, using the 2 h HSR access time in the Yellow River Basin to comparatively analyze the differences in HSR access in the urban agglomeration in the Yellow River Basin, and using the 3 h HSR access to central cities as the background to conduct regional division and overlapping space identification through cross-regional economic links, before finally selecting the overlapping city of Changzhi for long-term space development strategic planning. The main conclusions were as follows: First, the low-value area of HSR travel time in the Yellow River Basin urban agglomerations was biased toward the center of the urban agglomerations, while the peripheral areas were relatively high-value travel traffic circles, and the HSR travel time showed a circular spatial pattern characteristic of continuous expansion from the center to the peripheral areas. Four urban agglomerations in the upper reaches of the city achieved a 2 h access pattern within the urban agglomeration, whereas three urban agglomerations in the middle and lower reaches of the city only reached the 2 h access level in the center. Second, the Yellow River Basin was divided into six community spaces using the SLPA model based on the economic linkage between the central city and other cities, which were filtered by the 3 h access time from the central city to each city for HSR travel. Three of the six communities produced overlapping spaces, i.e., Community 3 and Community 4 produced overlapping spaces containing Linfen, Community 3 and Community 5 produced overlapping spaces containing Changzhi, Handan, and Xingtai, and Community 4 and Community 5 produced overlapping spaces containing Yuncheng and Sanmenxia. Third, the overlapping space of Changzhi City was selected as a case study for a visionary strategic planning outlook. Combining the geographic location characteristics and future development opportunities of Changzhi, we can try to transform a pass-through node like Changzhi into a hub node in the future, strengthening the gateway status and expanding the hinterland. According to the results of the research and analysis, policymakers can try to implement the expansion and renovation of HSR trunk lines, break the transportation bottlenecks in less developed areas, improve the coverage of the HSR network, and establish a \u201ccross-urban agglomeration\u201d cooperation and coordination mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12010003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T02:36:46Z","timestamp":1671763006000},"page":"3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["High-Speed Railway Access Pattern and Spatial Overlap Characteristics of the Yellow River Basin Urban Agglomeration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yajun","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"409","article-title":"Basic Conditions and Core Strategies of High-Quality Development in The Yellow River Basin","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resour. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"651","article-title":"The theoretical cognition of the development law of China\u2019s urban agglomeration and academic contribution","volume":"73","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1388","article-title":"Spatial Pattern of 2h Travel Circle of Major Urban Agglomerations in The Yangtze River Economic Belt","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spatial Organization Pattern and High-Quality Development of Urban Agglomeration in The Yellow River Basin","volume":"40","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1","article-title":"High Quality Regional Development Research Based on Geographical Units: Discuss on the Difference in Development Conditions and Priorities of the Yellow River Basin Compared to the Yangtze River Basin","volume":"40","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1344","article-title":"Evaluation of The Spatial Evolution of The Organization of Wuhan Metropolitan Area","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Resour. Environ. Yangtze Basin"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"2431","article-title":"Development and Management Tasks of The Yellow River Basin: A Preliminary Understanding and Suggestion","volume":"74","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2022, August 29). The Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council Issued the \u201cOutline of The Construction of a Strong Transportation Country\u201d, Available online: http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/zhengce\/2019-09\/19\/content_5431432.htm."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2010.10.013","article-title":"Population Change and Accessibility by Road and Rail Networks: GIS and Statistical Approach to Finland 1970\u20132007","volume":"19","author":"Kotavaara","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2016.05.007","article-title":"A Multimodal Approach to Assessing Accessibility of a High-Speed Railway Station","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"2808","article-title":"Identifying The Spatial Scope of Megaregions in China From The Perspective of Accessibility","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2022.103332","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Impact of Railway Network in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on Accessibility and Economic Linkages during 1984\u20132030","volume":"100","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2006.09.003","article-title":"Twenty Years of Accessibility Improvements. The Case of the Spanish Motorway Building Programme","volume":"15","author":"Holl","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098011411948","article-title":"Network Accessibility and Employment Centres","volume":"49","author":"Giuliano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urban Stud."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"619","article-title":"Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Integrated Transport Accessibility in the Yangtze River Delta: 1986\u20132005","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"371","article-title":"The Road Network Accessibility and Spatial Pattern of Guangzhou-Foshan Metropolitan Area","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"37","article-title":"The City Network Centrality and Spatial Structure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"58","article-title":"The Spatial Connection and Network Feature of Zhongyuan Economic District Base on Intercity Traffic Flow","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"79","article-title":"The Network Structure Analysis of Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration Based on Interactive and Traffic Flow Relationship","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"70","article-title":"Urban Agglomerations Transportation Network Space-Time Evolution in the Frontier Mountainous Area\u2014A Case of Urban Agglomerations in the Central Yunnan","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1381","article-title":"Functional Structure of Spatial Flow in The Yangtze River Delta: Analysis of Passenger Based Data for The High Speed Railway","volume":"35","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"62","article-title":"The Spatial Pattern and Evolution of High-Speed Railways Accessibility of the Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River","volume":"38","author":"Mei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2010.09.002","article-title":"High-Speed Rail and Office Location Choices. A Stated Choice Experiment for the Netherlands","volume":"19","author":"Willigers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2014.09.010","article-title":"Spatial Analysis of the Competitiveness of the High-Speed Train and Air Transport: The Role of Access to Terminals in the Madrid\u2013Barcelona Corridor","volume":"69","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"66","article-title":"A Study on the lnfluence of High-speed Railways on Urban Hinterland: The Case of North Anhui","volume":"4","author":"He","year":"2011","journal-title":"Urban Plan. Forum"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"78","article-title":"Potential Impact and Optimization of Intercity High-Speed Rails on the Urban System Spatial Pattern Evolution in Heilongjiang Province","volume":"36","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"2817","article-title":"Assessing the Impacts of High-speed Rail on Regional Spatial Structure: A Study of Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration","volume":"28","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resour. Environ. Yangtze Basin"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakraborty, T., and Chakraborty, A. (2013, January 25\u201329). OverCite: Finding Overlapping Communities in Citation Network. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM 2013), Niagara, ON, Canada.","DOI":"10.1145\/2492517.2500255"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, J., and Leskovec, J. (2013, January 4\u20138). Overlapping Community Detection at Scale: A Nonnegative Matrix Factorization Approach. Proceedings of the Sixth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, Rome, Italy.","DOI":"10.1145\/2433396.2433471"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maity, S., and Rath, S.K. (2014, January 24\u201327). Extended Clique Percolation Method to Detect Overlapping Community Structure. Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), Delhi, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCI.2014.6968420"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Ghorbani, M., Rabiee, H.R., and Khodadadi, A. (2016). Bayesian Overlapping Community Detection in Dynamic Networks. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, N.P., Dinh, T.N., Shen, Y., and Thai, M.T. (2014). Dynamic Social Community Detection and Its Applications. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091431"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.01.027","article-title":"Generation of Overlapping Clusters Constructing Suitable Graph for Crime Report Analysis","volume":"118","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03607","article-title":"Uncovering the Overlapping Community Structure of Complex Networks in Nature and Society","volume":"435","author":"Palla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"107","article-title":"Analysis of inter-provincial accessibility and economic linkage spatial pattern based on the railway network","volume":"31","author":"Meng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"224","article-title":"The Spatial Structures and Organization Patterns of China\u2019s City Networks Based on The Highway Passenger Flows","volume":"72","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"949","article-title":"Multi-label Propagation for Overlapping Community Detection Based on Contribution Degree","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. China Soc. Sci. Tech. Inf."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046110","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.78.046110","article-title":"Benchmark Graphs for Testing Community Detection Algorithms","volume":"78","author":"Lancichinetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2501654.2501657","article-title":"Overlapping Community Detection in Networks: The State-of-the-Art and Comparative Study","volume":"45","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acm Comput. Surv. (Csur.)"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, J., Szymanski, B.K., and Liu, X. (2011). SLPA: Uncovering Overlapping Communities in Social Networks via A Speaker-Listener Interaction Dynamic Process. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDMW.2011.154"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"578","article-title":"Community Structure and Proximity Mechanism of City Clusters in Middle Reach of the Yangtze River: Based on Producer Service Firms\u2019 Network","volume":"39","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P03024","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2009\/03\/P03024","article-title":"Extending the Definition of Modularity to Directed Graphs with Overlapping Communities","volume":"2009","author":"Nicosia","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Stat. Mech."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8577","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601602103","article-title":"Modularity and Community Structure in Networks","volume":"103","author":"Newman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2019.1584806","article-title":"Hierarchical Community Detection and Functional Area Identification with OSM Roads and Complex Graph Theory","volume":"33","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"338","article-title":"A Distance-based Method of Community Detection in Complex Networks","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geo-Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1447","article-title":"A Multi-Level Spatial Structure Analysis Algorithm for Urban Agglomeration Study in China","volume":"34","author":"Niu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"38","article-title":"The Study of Daily Communication Area in Hu-Ning-Hang Region","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urban Plan. Forum"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"33","article-title":"The Comparison of Spatial Characteristics and Dynamic Changes of Daily-commuinication-areas of Hu-Ning-Hang","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urban Plan. Forum"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"2482","article-title":"Comparison of Spatial Structure and Linkage Systems and Geographic Constraints: A Perspective of Multiple Traffic Flows","volume":"74","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."}],"container-title":["ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/12\/1\/3\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:48:15Z","timestamp":1760147295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2220-9964\/12\/1\/3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijgi12010003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi12010003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-9964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]}}}