{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T02:43:20Z","timestamp":1777085000755,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202106140118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202106140118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2022-04342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2022-04342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada","award":["202106140118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202106140118"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada","award":["RGPIN-2022-04342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2022-04342"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>China\u2019s university dormitories have high population densities, which can result in a large number of casualties because of crowding and stampedes during emergency evacuations. It is therefore important to plan properly for evacuations by mitigating the effect of choke points that create backlogs ahead of time. Accurate computer representations of the structure of a building and behavior of the evacuees are two important factors to obtain accurate evacuation time. In this paper, Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) are, respectively, implemented using the Unity platform to simulate the evacuation process. As a case study, the layout of a student dormitory building at Shanghai Normal University Xuhui District, Shanghai, China, is utilized along with the A* algorithm in Unity to explore the impact of evacuation speed and delays in creating choke points. Compared with previous research, the innovation of this study lies in: (1) using Unity software to make simulation of the physical environment both realistic and easy to implement, demonstrating Unity can be a well-developed platform to implement ABM-BIM research that focuses on crowd evacuation. (2) Using these simulations to evaluate different degrees of congestion caused by varying evacuation speeds, thus providing information about possible issues relating to evacuation efforts. Using the results, several recommended measures can be generated to help improve evacuation efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12040160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T03:15:57Z","timestamp":1681096557000},"page":"160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evacuation Simulation Implemented by ABM-BIM of Unity in Students\u2019 Dormitory Based on Delay Time"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yonghua","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China"},{"name":"School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spatial-Temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China"},{"name":"Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A2K6, Canada"}]},{"given":"Zhongyang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China"},{"name":"School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spatial-Temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China"},{"name":"School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spatial-Temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental Geosimulation (LEDGE), Department of Geography, University of Montreal, Montr\u00e9al, QC H2V 0B3, Canada"}]},{"given":"Raja","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A2K6, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Simulation study of college dormitory on detention evacuation method","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"China Public Secur. 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