{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T09:11:45Z","timestamp":1770282705350,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/06\/X\/HS4\/00019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/06\/X\/HS4\/00019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16.16.150.545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16.16.150.545"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"research subvention of the AGH University of Science and Technology","award":["2022\/06\/X\/HS4\/00019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/06\/X\/HS4\/00019"]}]},{"name":"research subvention of the AGH University of Science and Technology","award":["16.16.150.545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16.16.150.545"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the already advanced work on the construction of jurisdictional 3D cadastre models in many parts of the world and the technical feasibility of building very detailed 3D models of cities, relatively few specialists have focused on the aspects of visualizing property rights in three dimensions. Therefore, to complement the analyses carried out so far in this area, this research aims to investigate the perception of the visualization of multidimensional real estate data using different visual variables and by different audiences. The main contribution of the conducted research to the development of 3D cadastre visualizations is to start a discussion on the differences in their perception among real estate professionals and those who have no experience in this area and may have to use multidimensional property data. The research was conducted using a questionnaire-based survey method with the computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) technique. The questionnaire was completed by students of a course related to real estate law (geodetic science) and those who do not have regular contact with it (environmental engineering, medicine, sports, mechanics, and management). As a result of the survey, it emerged that the group studying geodetic science performed better on average than students in other fields of study. Additionally, the conducted survey confirmed the existing knowledge of the perception of the visualization of property rights in three dimensions. According to it, visualizations of property rights in 3D should use color. The use of transparency helps in visualisations made in grayscale but interferes with more complex colorful objects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12040164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T01:35:00Z","timestamp":1681349700000},"page":"164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Visual Perception of Property Rights in 3D"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kornelia","family":"Grzelka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Data Science, Geodesy, and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9725-5960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Bieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Data Science, Geodesy, and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0350-8112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Byd\u0142osz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Data Science, Geodesy, and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kondak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi4042842","article-title":"Applications of 3D city models: State of the art review","volume":"4","author":"Biljecki","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. 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