{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T20:33:09Z","timestamp":1773693189251,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["22120220302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22120220302"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["22692111700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22692111700"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["22120220302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22120220302"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["22692111700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22692111700"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Building fa\u00e7ade colors play an important role in influencing urban imageability, attraction and citizens\u2019 experience. However, the relations between street functions and the building fa\u00e7ade color distribution, color harmony and color diversity have not been thoroughly examined. We obtained the dominant colors of building fa\u00e7ades in Changning District, Shanghai, utilizing Baidu street view images, image semantic segmentation technology and the K-means algorithm. The variations in building fa\u00e7ades\u2019 dominant colors, color harmony and diversity across different types of functional streets were examined through logistic regression and ANOVA analyses. The results indicate that, compared to industrial streets, red hues are more common in science education streets, residential streets and mixed functional streets. Business streets are more likely to have hues of green, red and red\u2013purple. Residential streets\u2019 saturation is overall higher than that of industrial streets. In business streets, the medium\u2013high value occurs less frequently than other streets. Moreover, we found that the street building fa\u00e7ade colors in industrial streets were more harmonious and less diversified than that in other functional streets. This study has implications for urban color planning practices. Color harmony and color diversity should be well considered in future planning. The role of street functions should also be addressed in building fa\u00e7ade color planning, to improve existing planning frameworks as well as related strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12060224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T02:27:30Z","timestamp":1685500050000},"page":"224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Building Fa\u00e7ade Color Distribution, Color Harmony and Diversity in Relation to Street Functions: Using Street View Images and Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yujia","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5512-3011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"given":"Junzi","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Forming spaces with colour and light: Trends in architectural practice and Swedish colour research","volume":"2","author":"Anter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Colour Des. 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